Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Valence Bond Theory02:45

Valence Bond Theory

Overview of Valence Bond Theory
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Chemical Bonds02:40

Chemical Bonds


Atoms participate in a chemical bond formation to acquire a completed valence-shell electron configuration similar to that of the noble gas nearest to it in atomic number. Ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds are some of the important types of chemical bonds. Bond energy and bond length determine the strength of a chemical bond.
Types of Chemical Bonds
An ionic bond is formed due to electrostatic attraction between cations and anions. Often, the ions are formed by the transfer of electrons from...
MO Theory and Covalent Bonding02:40

MO Theory and Covalent Bonding

The molecular orbital theory describes the distribution of electrons in molecules in a manner similar to the distribution of electrons in atomic orbitals. The region of space in which a valence electron in a molecule is likely to be found is called a molecular orbital. Mathematically, the linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) generates molecular orbitals. Combinations of in-phase atomic orbital wave functions result in regions with a high probability of electron density, while...
Bond Energies and Bond Lengths02:49

Bond Energies and Bond Lengths

Stable molecules exist because covalent bonds hold the atoms together. The strength of a covalent bond is measured by the energy required to break it, that is, the energy necessary to separate the bonded atoms. Separating any pair of bonded atoms requires energy — the stronger a bond, the greater the energy required to break it.
Lewis Structures and Formal Charges02:19

Lewis Structures and Formal Charges

Lewis symbols can be used to indicate the formation of covalent bonds, which are shown in Lewis structures—drawings that describe the bonding in molecules and polyatomic ions. The periodic table can be used to predict the number of valence electrons in an atom and the number of bonds that will be formed to reach an octet. Group 18 elements, such as argon and helium, have filled electron configurations and thus rarely participate in chemical bonding. However, atoms from group 17, such as bromine...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Leveraging the redox activities of cerium and dibenzotetrathiafulvalene to discover a photo-responsive magnetic material.

Chemical science·2026
Same author

Implementation of wearable activity trackers in hospital rehabilitation: a feasibility study tailored to local settings.

BMC health services research·2026
Same author

Isolation of a Terminal Cobalt Nitride in a Metal-Organic Framework.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2025
Same author

Rhenium-Oxygen and Rhenium-Phosphorus Multiple Bonds in High Valent, π-Loaded Complexes.

Inorganic chemistry·2025
Same author

Bimetallic Complexes with Unusual Main Group Bridging Ligands.

Inorganic chemistry·2025
Same author

Reliability and profiling of physical performance tests in Australian Football League Women's (AFLW) athletes.

Journal of science and medicine in sport·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Determination of Thermodynamic Properties of Alkaline Earth-liquid Metal Alloys Using the Electromotive Force Technique
12:02

Determination of Thermodynamic Properties of Alkaline Earth-liquid Metal Alloys Using the Electromotive Force Technique

Published on: November 3, 2017

Evaluating f-element bonding from structure and thermodynamics.

Stefan G Minasian1, Jamin L Krinsky, John Arnold

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. arnold@berkeley.edu

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|September 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Measuring f-element thermodynamic properties often requires indirect methods. Combining structural data with thermodynamic information provides reliable insights into chemical bonding and electronic structure for lanthanides and actinides.

More Related Videos

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
06:44

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−
06:53

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−

Published on: July 27, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 29, 2026

Determination of Thermodynamic Properties of Alkaline Earth-liquid Metal Alloys Using the Electromotive Force Technique
12:02

Determination of Thermodynamic Properties of Alkaline Earth-liquid Metal Alloys Using the Electromotive Force Technique

Published on: November 3, 2017

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
06:44

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−
06:53

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−

Published on: July 27, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Chemistry

Background:

  • X-ray crystallography is a powerful tool for characterizing molecules and materials.
  • Interpreting bond lengths in f-element compounds (lanthanides and actinides) is complex due to steric and electronic factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the use of structural criteria alone for understanding chemical bonding in f-element systems.
  • To evaluate the necessity of integrating thermodynamic data with structural information for accurate bonding interpretations.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of selected examples from X-ray crystallography studies.
  • Comparative evaluation of structural data and thermodynamic information.

Main Results:

  • Structural criteria alone are insufficient for definitive conclusions on f-element chemical bonding.
  • Significant geometric variations do not always correlate with changes in bonding character.
  • Thermodynamic data, when combined with structural data, offers more reliable interpretations of covalent/ionic bonding modes.

Conclusions:

  • Thermodynamic information is crucial for accurate interpretation of electronic structure in f-element compounds.
  • Integrated structural and thermodynamic analysis provides a better benchmark for theoretical methods describing f-elements.