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Related Concept Videos

Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in situations...
Psychosurgery01:30

Psychosurgery

Psychosurgery, the surgical alteration or permanent removal of brain tissue to alleviate severe psychological conditions, stands as one of the most radical and controversial treatments in the history of mental health care. Its development and application have evolved significantly, marked by dramatic shifts in scientific understanding and ethical perspectives.
Historical Development of Psychosurgery
In the 1930s, Portuguese neurologist Antonio Egas Moniz introduced a surgical procedure designed...
Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder01:29

Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder

The development of psychological disorders, which are characterized by deviant, maladaptive, and personally distressing behaviors, has been explored through several theoretical approaches.
Biological approach
The biological approach posits that internal, organic factors are the primary causes of such disorders. This perspective emphasizes brain structure and function, genetic predispositions, and neurotransmitter imbalances. For example, schizophrenia has been associated with both genetic...
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
Treatment Strategies for Psychological Disorders01:24

Treatment Strategies for Psychological Disorders

Treatment approaches for psychological disorders fall into three main categories: psychological, biological, and sociocultural. Each approach targets different aspects of mental health, requiring varying levels of education and training.
Psychological therapies focus on modifying emotions, thoughts, and behaviors through talking, interpreting, listening, rewarding, challenging, and modeling. Clinical psychologists, counselors, and social workers commonly practice psychotherapy. Clinical...
Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy01:26

Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy

Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation. For...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

In vitro Modeling for Neurological Diseases using Direct Conversion from Fibroblasts to Neuronal Progenitor Cells and Differentiation into Astrocytes
11:42

In vitro Modeling for Neurological Diseases using Direct Conversion from Fibroblasts to Neuronal Progenitor Cells and Differentiation into Astrocytes

Published on: June 10, 2021

Modeling psychiatric disorders through reprogramming.

Kristen J Brennand1, Fred H Gage

  • 1Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Laboratory of Genetics, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.

Disease Models & Mechanisms
|September 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Researchers can now create patient-specific neurons from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to study complex genetic neurodevelopmental disorders like autism and schizophrenia.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Psychiatric disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia, are highly heritable and complex neurodevelopmental conditions.
  • Genetic factors play a significant role in the etiology of these disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review experiments utilizing human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and in vitro models for studying psychiatric disorders.
  • To highlight the potential of patient-derived hiPSCs in understanding disease mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Direct reprogramming of patient fibroblasts into hiPSCs.
  • Differentiation of hiPSCs into specific neuronal types.
  • Utilizing sophisticated in vitro approaches for disease modeling.

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Marble Burying and Nestlet Shredding as Tests of Repetitive, Compulsive-like Behaviors in Mice

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 29, 2026

In vitro Modeling for Neurological Diseases using Direct Conversion from Fibroblasts to Neuronal Progenitor Cells and Differentiation into Astrocytes
11:42

In vitro Modeling for Neurological Diseases using Direct Conversion from Fibroblasts to Neuronal Progenitor Cells and Differentiation into Astrocytes

Published on: June 10, 2021

Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder
04:42

Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder

Published on: May 2, 2025

Marble Burying and Nestlet Shredding as Tests of Repetitive, Compulsive-like Behaviors in Mice
06:50

Marble Burying and Nestlet Shredding as Tests of Repetitive, Compulsive-like Behaviors in Mice

Published on: December 24, 2013

Main Results:

  • Generation of patient-specific human neurons with disease-relevant genetic backgrounds.
  • Enables investigation of affected cell types and cellular/molecular defects.
  • Facilitates study of complex gene interactions in psychiatric disorders.

Conclusions:

  • Human induced pluripotent stem cells offer a powerful platform for modeling psychiatric disorders.
  • These models allow for the study of disease pathways at a cellular level.
  • Advancements in in vitro techniques are crucial for understanding neurodevelopmental disorders.