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Related Concept Videos

Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA has a double-helix structure. The...
RNA Structure01:19

RNA Structure

The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...
RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
Prokaryotic Gene Structure and Organization01:28

Prokaryotic Gene Structure and Organization

Prokaryotic genomes exhibit a streamlined organization of coding and non-coding regions essential for gene expression and protein synthesis. While coding regions contain the genetic instructions for proteins or functional RNAs, non-coding regions regulate the precise transcription and translation of these genes.Coding Regions: Proteins and RNAsThe primary coding regions, known as structural genes, include sequences transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) and ultimately translated into...
Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

ACT1-CUP1 Assays Determine the Substrate-Specific Sensitivities of Spliceosomal Mutants in Budding Yeast
07:31

ACT1-CUP1 Assays Determine the Substrate-Specific Sensitivities of Spliceosomal Mutants in Budding Yeast

Published on: June 30, 2022

Sequence-structure relationships in yeast mRNAs.

Andrey Chursov1, Mathias C Walter, Thorsten Schmidt

  • 1Department of Genome Oriented Bioinformatics, Technische Universität München, Wissenschaftzentrum Weihenstephan, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 3, D-85354, Freising, Germany.

Nucleic Acids Research
|September 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence and structure diverge rapidly, unlike small RNAs. This suggests mRNA structure is less critical for gene expression than protein stability.

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Mapping RNA-RNA Interactions Globally Using Biotinylated Psoralen
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Mapping RNA-RNA Interactions Globally Using Biotinylated Psoralen

Published on: May 24, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 29, 2026

ACT1-CUP1 Assays Determine the Substrate-Specific Sensitivities of Spliceosomal Mutants in Budding Yeast
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ACT1-CUP1 Assays Determine the Substrate-Specific Sensitivities of Spliceosomal Mutants in Budding Yeast

Published on: June 30, 2022

Mapping RNA-RNA Interactions Globally Using Biotinylated Psoralen
11:32

Mapping RNA-RNA Interactions Globally Using Biotinylated Psoralen

Published on: May 24, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Bioinformatics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Functionally important RNA structures are typically more conserved than their sequences.
  • Sequence-structure relationships are well-understood for small RNAs but understudied for messenger RNAs (mRNAs) due to limited experimental data.
  • Recent advancements provide transcriptome-wide experimental data on mRNA base pairing patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively assess sequence-structure divergence in the coding regions of mRNA molecules.
  • To compare sequence-structure divergence patterns between mRNAs and small non-coding RNAs.
  • To infer the evolutionary pressures shaping mRNA sequence and structure.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of transcriptome-wide experimental data on mRNA base pairing patterns.
  • Quantitative assessment of structural resemblance in paralogous mRNA pairs based on varying sequence identity.
  • Comparison of divergence patterns with known data for small functional non-coding RNAs.

Main Results:

  • Structural resemblance between paralogous mRNA pairs significantly decreases as sequence identity drops from 100% to 85-90%.
  • mRNA structures are essentially uncorrelated when sequence identity falls below approximately 85%.
  • This contrasts sharply with small non-coding RNAs, where sequence and structure divergence are correlated even at low sequence similarity.

Conclusions:

  • Very similar mRNA sequences can exhibit vastly different secondary structures.
  • The global shape of base-paired elements in mRNA coding regions may not be a primary factor in modulating gene expression or translation efficiency.
  • Evolutionary pressure to maintain stable three-dimensional protein structures likely imposes greater constraints on mRNA sequences than on their RNA structures.