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Creating Dynamic Images of Short-lived Dopamine Fluctuations with lp-ntPET: Dopamine Movies of Cigarette Smoking
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Do components of current 'hardcore smoker' definitions predict quitting behaviour?

David T Ip1, Joanna E Cohen, Susan J Bondy

  • 1Ontario Tobacco Research Unit, Toronto, Canada.

Addiction (Abingdon, England)
|September 30, 2011
PubMed
Summary

The study found that nicotine dependence and high daily cigarette consumption best predict continued smoking in "hardcore smokers," supporting the hardening hypothesis. Other factors like intention to quit predict attempts, not necessarily success.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Addiction Research
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • The concept of
  • hardcore smokers
  • resistant to quitting, is increasingly discussed in tobacco control.
  • Existing definitions of
  • hardcore smokers
  • lack validated predictive power for cessation behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the predictive validity of
  • hardcore smoker
  • definition components on quitting behaviors.
  • To identify which combinations of
  • hardcore
  • components are most predictive of smoking cessation outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal telephone survey of 4130 adult smokers in Ontario, Canada, recruited between 2005-2008.
  • Follow-up data collected over 1 year to assess quitting behaviors.
  • Multiple logistic regression models analyzed the predictive ability of 'hardcore' components (e.g., high cigarette consumption, nicotine dependence, quit intention) on continued smoking, quit attempts, and quit attempt success.

Main Results:

  • All 'hardcore' components predicted no quit attempt and continued smoking, except for long-term smoking history and no lifetime quit attempt for continued smoking.
  • High nicotine dependence, high daily cigarette consumption, and being a daily smoker were significant predictors of quitting failure among those who attempted to quit.
  • The optimal combination of 'hardcore' components varied depending on the specific outcome being predicted.

Conclusions:

  • Measures defining 'hardcore smokers' encompass motivational, dependence, and behavioral variables.
  • Motivational and behavioral factors (e.g., intention to quit) predict the initiation of quit attempts.
  • Nicotine dependence and high consumption are stronger predictors of continued smoking, supporting the 'hardening hypothesis' and guiding future research.