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Updated: May 29, 2026

Necropsy-based Wild Fish Health Assessment
Published on: September 11, 2018
Ranavirus-associated mass mortality in wild amphibians, the Netherlands, 2010: a first report
Marja Kik1, An Martel2, Annemarieke Spitzen-van der Sluijs3
1Dutch Wildlife Health Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Abstract:
In 2010, a mass die-off of over 1000 wild water frogs (Pelophylax spp.) and at least 10 common newts (Lissotriton vulgaris) occurred in a pond in The Netherlands. Haemorrhagic disease with hepatomegaly and splenomegaly was evident. Microscopically, multiple organs presented cells with multifocal intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies, in which ranavirus-like particles were demonstrated ultrastructurally. All specimens examined tested positive for ranavirus by PCR. The sequence obtained showed a 100% identity with the one deposited for common midwife toad virus (CMTV). This is the first report of ranavirus-associated mortality in wild amphibian populations in The Netherlands. It is also the first time CMTV or a CMTV-like virus has been reported in these two species in the adult stage and outside of Spain.
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