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Related Concept Videos

Responses to Heat and Cold Stress02:45

Responses to Heat and Cold Stress

Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes.
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Though evaporation from plant leaves drives transpiration, it also results in loss of water. Because water is critical for photosynthetic reactions and other cellular processes, evolutionary pressures on plants in different environments have driven the acquisition of adaptations that reduce water loss.
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In order to produce glucose, plants need to capture sufficient light energy. Many modern plants have evolved leaves specialized for light acquisition. Leaves can be only millimeters in width or tens of meters wide, depending on the environment. Due to competition for sunlight, evolution has driven the evolution of increasingly larger leaves and taller plants, to avoid shading by their neighbors with contaminant elaboration of root architecture and mechanisms to transport water and nutrients.
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Responses to Drought and Flooding

Water plays a significant role in the life cycle of plants. However, insufficient or excess of water can be detrimental and pose a serious threat to plants.

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Changes in wheat leaf phenolome in response to cold acclimation.

Amira Moheb1, Ragai K Ibrahim, René Roy

  • 1PharmaQAM, Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada.

Phytochemistry
|September 30, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Wheat leaves accumulate diverse phenolic compounds, with cold acclimation significantly altering their profiles. Winter varieties show higher initial phenolic content and specific flavonoid accumulation, while spring varieties accumulate hydroxycinnamoyl amides, highlighting their dietary potential.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biochemistry and metabolomics
  • Agricultural science
  • Nutritional science

Background:

  • Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) leaves contain numerous phenolic and flavonoid compounds.
  • Cold acclimation is a critical process influencing plant metabolism and stress response.
  • Understanding wheat phenolome changes is vital for crop improvement and nutritional applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the phenolome of winter (Claire) and spring (Bounty) wheat varieties during cold acclimation.
  • To identify and quantify phenolic and flavonoid compounds using advanced analytical techniques.
  • To elucidate the differential accumulation patterns and potential health benefits of these compounds.

Main Methods:

  • High-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) techniques were employed.
  • Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was used for precise identification and quantification.
  • Comparative analysis of phenolome profiles between winter and spring wheat under control and cold-acclimated conditions.

Main Results:

  • A total of 40 phenolic and flavonoid compounds were identified, including coumarins, simple phenolics, hydroxycinnamoyl amides, and flavonoids.
  • Winter wheat exhibited higher overall phenolic content under non-acclimated conditions.
  • Cold acclimation induced differential accumulation: luteolin C-glycosides and O-methyl derivatives in winter wheat, and hydroxycinnamoyl amides in spring wheat.
  • The novel trimethylated flavone, 3',4',5'-trimethyltricetin, was identified for the first time in wheat leaves.
  • Accumulation of beneficial flavonoids like iso-orientin, vitexin, and tricin was observed in cold-acclimated wheat.

Conclusions:

  • Cold acclimation significantly alters wheat leaf phenolome, with variety-specific responses.
  • Specific phenolic and flavonoid compounds accumulate in the apoplastic compartment, linked to O-methyltransferase (OMT) activity.
  • Cold-acclimated wheat represents a valuable and inexpensive source of health-promoting dietary supplements.