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Related Concept Videos

The Nucleolus02:55

The Nucleolus

The nucleolus is the most prominent substructure of the nucleus. When it was first discovered, it was considered to be an isolated organelle that forms fibrils and granules. In 1931, the relationship between the nucleolus and chromosomes was first described by Heitz. He observed that the appearance and size of nucleolus varies depending on the stage of the cell cycle. He also noticed constricted regions on different chromosomes clustered together at definite cell cycle stages. These regions,...
The Nucleolus02:55

The Nucleolus

The nucleolus is the most prominent substructure of the nucleus. When it was first discovered, it was considered to be an isolated organelle that forms fibrils and granules. In 1931, the relationship between the nucleolus and chromosomes was first described by Heitz. He observed that the appearance and size of nucleolus varies depending on the stage of the cell cycle. He also noticed constricted regions on different chromosomes clustered together at definite cell cycle stages. These regions,...
Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
The Nucleus01:25

The Nucleus

The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that acts as a control center in a eukaryotic cell. It contains chromosomal DNA, which controls gene expression and precisely regulates the production of proteins within the cell. In contrast, the DNA inside the mitochondria and chloroplast only carries out functions that are specific to those organelles.
Arrangement of DNA within Nucleus
The regulation of gene expression inside the nucleus is dependent on many factors, including the DNA structure. The...
The Nucleus01:32

The Nucleus

The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that acts as a control center in a eukaryotic cell. It contains chromosomal DNA, which controls gene expression and precisely regulates the production of proteins within the cell. In contrast, the DNA inside the mitochondria and chloroplast only carries out functions that are specific to those organelles.
Arrangement of DNA within Nucleus
The regulation of gene expression inside the nucleus is dependent on many factors, including the DNA structure. The...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Peering at Brain Polysomes with Atomic Force Microscopy
08:49

Peering at Brain Polysomes with Atomic Force Microscopy

Published on: March 16, 2016

The nucleolus: structure/function relationship in RNA metabolism.

Danièle Hernandez-Verdun1, Pascal Roussel, Marc Thiry

  • 1Nuclei and cell cycle, Institut Jacques Monod-UMR 7592 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 75205 Paris cedex 13, France. daniele.hernandez-verdun@univ-paris-diderot.fr

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. RNA
|September 30, 2011
PubMed
Summary

The nucleolus, a cell

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Last Updated: May 29, 2026

Peering at Brain Polysomes with Atomic Force Microscopy
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Real-time Analysis of Transcription Factor Binding, Transcription, Translation, and Turnover to Display Global Events During Cellular Activation
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Real-time Analysis of Transcription Factor Binding, Transcription, Translation, and Turnover to Display Global Events During Cellular Activation

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The nucleolus is a key nuclear domain responsible for ribosome biogenesis.
  • It plays a crucial role in synthesizing, processing, and assembling ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) with ribosomal proteins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the tripartite organization of the nucleolus in mammals.
  • To review nucleolar organization across evolution, from yeast to humans.
  • To discuss nucleolar assembly, structure-function relationships in RNA metabolism, and its extra-ribosomal functions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of classical tripartite nucleolar organization.
  • Comparative analysis of nucleolar structure across species (yeast vs. humans).
  • Discussion of molecular mechanisms controlling nucleolar assembly and function.

Main Results:

  • Mammalian nucleoli exhibit a tripartite structure (fibrillar center, dense fibrillar component, granular component) linked to rRNA synthesis and processing.
  • Nucleolar organization varies across evolution, with yeast showing a bipartite structure.
  • Nucleoli are involved in essential extra-ribosomal functions impacting cellular homeostasis.

Conclusions:

  • The nucleolus's structure is intrinsically linked to its function in ribosome biogenesis and RNA metabolism.
  • Nucleolar assembly is a tightly controlled process influenced by cell cycle inheritance.
  • Dysfunctions in nucleolar organization are implicated in human diseases like cancer and viral infections.