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Environmental Influences on Intelligence

Despite the strong genetic influence on traits like intelligence, environmental factors significantly shape outcomes. For example, while over 90% of height variation is due to genetic differences, environmental factors such as nutrition also have a notable impact. Similarly, for intelligence, changes in a child's surroundings can significantly alter their IQ. Research shows that enriched environments boost children's academic success and help them develop key cognitive skills. Children from...
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Nature and Nurture

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Related Experiment Videos

Do multiple micronutrient interventions improve child health, growth, and development?

Usha Ramakrishnan1, Tamar Goldenberg, Lindsay H Allen

  • 1Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. uramakr@emory.edu

The Journal of Nutrition
|September 30, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Multiple micronutrient (MMN) interventions in early childhood can improve child growth and reduce anemia, but evidence on survival and development is limited. Further research is needed to clarify program implications.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health and Nutrition
  • Pediatric Health
  • Nutritional Epidemiology

Background:

  • Micronutrient deficiencies are prevalent in developing countries, often co-occurring.
  • Multiple micronutrient (MMN) interventions show promise but program implications are unclear.
  • Early childhood is a critical period for nutritional interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the efficacy of MMN interventions in children under five.
  • To assess impacts on child health, survival, growth, and development.
  • To guide policy and identify research gaps.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of meta-analyses and intervention studies.
  • Searched PubMed and EMBASE databases.
  • Included studies evaluating MMN interventions (≥3 micronutrients) in children (<5 years).

Main Results:

  • MMN interventions improve hemoglobin and reduce anemia, though effects are smaller than iron/folic acid alone.
  • Evidence suggests MMN interventions improve linear growth compared to placebo or single nutrients.
  • Findings on child morbidity (respiratory illness, diarrhea) are mixed; effects on mortality and development are largely unknown.

Conclusions:

  • MMN interventions show potential for improving child growth and anemia in deficient populations.
  • More research is needed on MMN impact on child survival and neurodevelopment.
  • Findings can inform public health policies for early childhood nutrition.