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Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Diabetic Retinopathy01:27

Diabetic Retinopathy

DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...

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Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents
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Autoimmune basis of glaucoma.

Tarek A Shazly1, Mouhab Aljajeh, Mark A Latina

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA.

Seminars in Ophthalmology
|October 1, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Glaucoma, a leading cause of blindness, may involve abnormal immunity and autoimmunity. This review explores the potential role of the immune system in glaucomatous optic neuropathy beyond elevated intraocular pressure.

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Published on: April 24, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Immunology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Glaucoma is a leading global cause of blindness.
  • It is considered a multifactorial disease.
  • Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a known risk factor, causing biomechanical and ischemic damage to retinal ganglion cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the potential role of autoimmunity in glaucoma.
  • To explore immune system contributions to glaucomatous optic neuropathy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on glaucoma and autoimmunity.
  • Analysis of evidence linking immune system dysfunction to optic nerve damage in glaucoma.

Main Results:

  • Elevated IOP alone does not fully explain glaucoma development.
  • Growing evidence suggests abnormal immunity contributes to glaucomatous optic neuropathy.
  • Autoimmunity may initiate or worsen glaucoma in susceptible individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Autoimmunity is a potential contributing factor in some glaucoma cases.
  • Further research into the immune basis of glaucoma is warranted.
  • Understanding the immune role may lead to novel therapeutic strategies.