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Organizational factors influencing pharmacy practice change
William R Doucette1, Justin C Nevins, Caroline Gaither
1Division of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. william-doucette@uiowa.edu
Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy : RSAP
|October 1, 2011
Summary
Pharmacists are adapting their practices beyond dispensing. Key drivers of pharmacy practice change include entrepreneurial spirit, resource availability, and adequate staffing, enhancing patient care services.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacy Practice and Management
- Organizational Behavior
- Health Services Research
Background:
- Pharmacists are increasingly expanding their roles beyond traditional dispensing.
- Emerging services include medication therapy management and other patient-centered pharmacy services.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the impact of entrepreneurial orientation, resource adequacy, and staffing levels on pharmacy practice transformation.
- To identify factors influencing the adoption of new pharmacy services.
Main Methods:
- A national survey of 1847 U.S. pharmacists using two mail surveys.
- Data collected on practice setting, prescription volume, staffing, and practice changes over two years.
- Multiple linear regression analysis used to assess influences on an aggregate change index.
Main Results:
- 60% of surveyed pharmacies reported practice changes, such as improved patient information collection and care documentation.
- Proactiveness and autonomy (dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation), resource adequacy, and pharmacy technician staffing significantly influenced practice change.
- The overall model explained 27.6% of the variance in practice change (R-square = 0.276, P<.001).
Conclusions:
- Pharmacy practice is evolving, with many pharmacies adopting new patient care activities.
- Organizational capacity for change is enhanced by fostering proactiveness, employee autonomy, and sufficient resources.
- Further research may explore changes in patient-funded services.
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