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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...

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IntegrateALL: An end-to-end RNA-seq analysis pipeline for multilevel data extraction and interpretable subtype classification in B-precursor ALL.

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IDH2 Clonal Hematopoiesis and IKAROS Loss Cooperate in a B-ALL Subtype after Lenalidomide Therapy for Multiple Myeloma.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Manufacturing Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T Cells for Adoptive Immunotherapy
06:51

Manufacturing Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T Cells for Adoptive Immunotherapy

Published on: December 17, 2019

Chemoimmunotherapy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Dieter Hoelzer1, Nicola Gökbuget

  • 1ONKOLOGIKUM, Frankfurt am Museumsufer, Frankfurt, Germany. Hoelzer@em.uni-frankfurt.de

Blood Reviews
|October 1, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Monoclonal antibody (MoAb) therapy shows promise for treating acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) by targeting specific antigens like CD19 and CD20. Further research is needed to optimize MoAb treatment protocols for ALL.

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Immunology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) blast cells express specific antigens.
  • These antigens, including CD19, CD20, CD22, CD33, and CD52, are targets for Monoclonal Antibodies (MoAbs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current status and potential of MoAb therapy in ALL treatment.
  • To highlight specific MoAbs and their targeted antigens in ALL.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing studies and case reports on MoAb therapy in ALL.
  • Focus on MoAbs targeting CD20, CD19, CD52, CD22, and CD33.

Main Results:

  • Anti-CD20 (rituximab) has significant experience in mature B-ALL and Burkitt's lymphoma, with studies in B-precursor ALL.

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  • Anti-CD19 bispecific antibody (Blinatumomab) shows promise due to high ALL expression rates.
  • Smaller studies exist for anti-CD52 (Alemtuzumab), anti-CD22 (Epratuzumab), and anti-CD33 (Gemtuzumab).

    • Conclusions:

    • MoAb therapy represents a highly promising targeted treatment for ALL.
    • Optimal treatment parameters such as antigen expression levels, timing, schedule, dosage, and disease stage require further definition.