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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema

Emphysema, a major phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is characterized by irreversible destruction of alveolar walls and permanent enlargement of distal airspaces. Unlike chronic bronchitis, which primarily affects the airways, emphysema predominantly involves the lung parenchyma, where structural damage leads to airflow limitation.PathophysiologyIt most commonly results from prolonged exposure to cigarette smoke and other toxic gases, particularly cigarette smoke.
Pneumothorax-II01:27

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

COPD is defined as a heterogeneous lung condition marked by persistent respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and sputum production, caused by abnormalities in the airways that cause airflow obstruction.
Smoking is a primary risk factor for COPD, with over 80% of patients having a history of it. Patients typically experience progressive dyspnea or labored breathing, frequent coughing, and recurrent pulmonary infections. Many eventually succumb to respiratory failure, characterized by...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations01:19

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, or COPD, is a long-term condition marked by persistent and only partially reversible airflow limitation. It involves two overlapping conditions—chronic bronchitis and emphysema—which often co-appear but differ in dominant symptoms and underlying mechanisms.Chronic Bronchitis FeaturesChronic bronchitis presents with a persistent productive cough and thick, sometimes purulent mucus due to airway inflammation, enlarged mucus glands, and goblet cell...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a common, preventable, and treatable respiratory disorder characterized by persistent symptoms and progressive airflow limitation. This limitation results from a combination of small-airway disease (obstructive bronchiolitis) and parenchymal destruction (emphysema), both driven by chronic inflammation from exposure to harmful particles or gases.The disease includes two main pathological entities: emphysema, marked by destruction of alveolar walls and...

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Thoracoscopic Extended Right Middle Plus Lower Sleeve Lobectomy for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
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Thoracoscopic Extended Right Middle Plus Lower Sleeve Lobectomy for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

Published on: February 27, 2026

Diffuse persistent interstitial pulmonary emphysema treated by lobectomy.

Reva Matta1, Judy Matta, Pierre Hage

  • 1Department of Surgery, University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon. mattareva@gmail.com

The Annals of Thoracic Surgery
|October 1, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Persistent interstitial pulmonary emphysema, a rare condition in preterm infants, involves air accumulation in lung tissue. A case study shows lobectomy can be a successful conservative surgical treatment for unstable infants with this condition.

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Robotic-assisted Left Pneumonectomy For Vanishing Lung Syndrome
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Published on: February 27, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Pulmonary Medicine

Background:

  • Persistent interstitial pulmonary emphysema (PIPE) is a rare, severe respiratory complication in preterm infants requiring mechanical ventilation.
  • It is characterized by air accumulation within the lung's interstitial space, often due to basement membrane disruption.
  • Diffuse PIPE involves cysts across all lung lobes, posing significant management challenges.

Observation:

  • The case involved an unstable preterm infant diagnosed with diffuse persistent interstitial pulmonary emphysema.
  • Traditional management options range from conservative measures to aggressive surgical interventions like pneumonectomy.
  • This patient's unstable condition necessitated a tailored surgical approach.

Findings:

  • Lobectomy was successfully employed as a conservative surgical strategy for this unstable infant.
  • This approach effectively managed the diffuse persistent interstitial pulmonary emphysema without resorting to more extensive resection.
  • The intervention highlights the potential of targeted surgical solutions in critical neonatal cases.

Implications:

  • Lobectomy represents a viable, less invasive surgical option for managing severe, unstable cases of diffuse PIPE in neonates.
  • This case expands the therapeutic strategies for persistent interstitial pulmonary emphysema, offering an alternative to pneumonectomy.
  • Further research into conservative surgical techniques for neonatal respiratory emergencies is warranted.