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Related Concept Videos

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
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Notch Signaling Pathway

The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
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The physiological function of a cell and cellular communication are outcomes of a range of extrinsic signals, intracellular signaling pathways, and cellular responses. No two cell types express the same repertoire of signaling components. Receptors are highly selective for their cognate ligands, but once activated, they can alter multiple cellular processes such as DNA transcription, protein synthesis, and metabolic activity. 
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Volatile Sex Pheromone Extraction and Chemoattraction Assay in Caenorhabditis elegans
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Published on: August 9, 2024

Hormone signaling and phenotypic plasticity in nematode development and evolution.

Ralf J Sommer1, Akira Ogawa

  • 1Max-Planck-Institute for Developmental Biology, Department for Evolutionary Biology, Spemannstrasse 37, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany. ralf.sommer@tuebingen.mpg.de

Current Biology : CB
|October 1, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Phenotypic plasticity allows organisms to change based on their environment. In nematodes, a conserved hormone signaling pathway influences key life-history events and evolutionary changes.

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Published on: March 28, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Phenotypic plasticity is crucial for life-history theory, ecology, and evolution.
  • Nematodes exhibit phenotypic plasticity, with studies exploring its genetic, developmental, and environmental influences.
  • Research has provided insights into the molecular basis and implications of phenotypic plasticity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent studies on phenotypic plasticity in nematodes.
  • To highlight the role of endocrine signaling in nematode evolution and development.
  • To discuss how hormone signaling facilitates life-history and morphological evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies on dauer larva formation in Caenorhabditis elegans.
  • Analysis of the evolution of nematode parasitism.
  • Investigation of novel feeding trait generation in Pristionchus pacificus.

Main Results:

  • Examples reveal a conserved role of an endocrine signaling module involving the steroid hormone dafachronic acid.
  • This signaling module is co-opted in different evolutionary contexts.
  • Hormone signaling plays a significant role in facilitating life-history and morphological evolution.

Conclusions:

  • The steroid hormone dafachronic acid is a key player in nematode phenotypic plasticity.
  • Conserved hormone signaling pathways contribute to evolutionary innovation in nematodes.
  • Understanding these pathways offers insights into broader evolutionary and developmental processes.