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Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...
Nuclear Localization Signals and Import01:46

Nuclear Localization Signals and Import

Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry short stretches of amino acid sequences called the nuclear localization signal or NLS. Classical nuclear localization signals are of two types: monopartite and bipartite NLS. Monopartite classical NLS (cNLS) consists of a single cluster of 4-8 amino acids. Bipartite cNLS consists of two clusters of  2-3 amino acids and a 9-12 residue long proline-rich linker bridging the two clusters. Signal clusters are rich in positively charged amino acids such as...
Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
Nuclear Export01:42

Nuclear Export

The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
NES are of three types- the canonical 10-residue long leucine-rich signal and other...
Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors01:31

Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors

Nuclear receptors, or NRs, are unique transcription factors that regulate gene transcription and affect the cellular pathways involved in reproduction, development, or metabolism. Their ability to be stimulated by small lipophilic ligands and control vital cellular processes makes them ideal drug targets. Nearly 10-15% of currently prescribed drugs target these receptors.
About 48 different soluble family members of nuclear receptors are identified that can be divided into two main classes:
Directionality of Nuclear Transport01:42

Directionality of Nuclear Transport

Ras-related nuclear protein or Ran is a small G protein that cycles between its GTP and GDP bound states. Ran specific regulators, a Ran GTPase Activating Protein or RanGAP present in the cytosol and a Ran guanine nucleotide exchange factor or RanGEF present inside the nucleus regulate GTP/GDP exchange. A high concentration of GTP inside the cells, in addition to this asymmetric distribution of  Ran-specific regulators, leads to a higher RanGTP concentration inside the nucleus. This...

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Updated: May 29, 2026

Heterokaryon Technique for Analysis of Cell Type-specific Localization
09:31

Heterokaryon Technique for Analysis of Cell Type-specific Localization

Published on: March 11, 2011

Nuclear positioning: mechanisms and functions.

Isabelle Dupin1, Sandrine Etienne-Manneville

  • 1Institut Pasteur, Cell Polarity, Migration and Cancer Unit and CNRS URA 2582, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.

The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology
|October 1, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cell nucleus positioning is vital for cell function. This review covers how cytoskeletal forces regulate nuclear location and the impact of mispositioning on health.

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Capturing Cytoskeleton-Based Agitation of the Mouse Oocyte Nucleus Across Spatial Scales

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • The cell nucleus, the largest organelle, undergoes dynamic spatial and temporal positioning.
  • Nuclear movements are driven by cytoskeletal forces acting on the nuclear envelope.
  • The functional importance of precise nuclear positioning is increasingly recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of nuclear positioning.
  • To explore the role of the cytoskeleton (microtubules, actin, intermediate filaments) in regulating nuclear localization.
  • To highlight the significance of nuclear positioning in cell polarity, physiology, and human diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on nuclear positioning mechanisms.
  • Analysis of molecular links between the nuclear envelope and cytoplasmic elements.
  • Synthesis of evidence on the physiological and pathological implications of nuclear mispositioning.

Main Results:

  • Microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments are key cytoskeletal components involved in nuclear positioning.
  • Various molecular links connecting the nuclear envelope to the cytoskeleton have been identified.
  • Nuclear positioning is crucial for cell polarity and normal physiological functions.

Conclusions:

  • Recent research has elucidated the molecular machinery regulating nuclear localization.
  • Aberrant nuclear positioning is linked to various human pathologies.
  • Further investigation into nuclear positioning mechanisms is essential for understanding cell function and disease.