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Decreased Body Temperature

Decreased Body Temperature

A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by sustained extreme cold exposure, and severe...

Assessing Body Temperature - Rectal

Assessing Body Temperature - Rectal

Rectal temperature measurement is considered the most precise method for assessing core body temperature and typically registers higher than oral temperature. For adults, the rectal thermometer should be inserted 1 to 1.5 inches into the rectum to obtain the most accurate reading.
Follow these steps for rectal temperature assessment:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don clean gloves to prevent cross-infection.
Step 2: Position the patient in a side-lying position to better visualize the rectal...

Methods of reducing fever

Methods of reducing fever

The signs and symptoms of fever include hot and dry skin, flushed face, thirst, muscle aches, anorexia, headache, tachycardia, tachypnea, and fatigue. Elevated body temperature is reduced using two methods: pharmacological and nonpharmacological. Proper identification and treatment of the root cause of a fever is of utmost importance.
Pharmacological Methods of Reducing Fever:

Factors Affecting Body Temperature

Factors Affecting Body Temperature

As a nurse, it is vital to understand the factors affecting body temperature to monitor variations and effectively evaluate deviations from regular.
Factors may include:

Temperature Measurement Sites

Temperature Measurement Sites

A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...

Increased Body Temperature

Increased Body Temperature

A body temperature above 38°C (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in response to an infection or illness.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Esophageal Heat Transfer for Patient Temperature Control and Targeted Temperature Management

Esophageal Heat Transfer for Patient Temperature Control and Targeted Temperature Management

Published on: November 21, 2017

Core temperature falls during laparotomy in infants with necrotizing enterocolitis.

R Sim¹, N J Hall, P de Coppi

¹Institute of Child Health, Surgery Unit, London, UK.

European Journal of Pediatric Surgery : Official Journal of Austrian Association of Pediatric Surgery ... [Et Al] = Zeitschrift Fur Kinderchirurgie

|October 1, 2011

Summary

Infants undergoing surgery for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) experience significant drops in body temperature. Lower intraoperative temperatures correlated with increased blood transfusion needs, highlighting a critical factor in surgical outcomes.

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Cooling or Warming the Esophagus to Reduce Esophageal Injury During Left Atrial Ablation in the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation

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Published on: March 15, 2020

Area of Science:

Pediatric Surgery
Neonatal Care
Critical Care Medicine

Background:

Intraoperative hypothermia poses risks, especially for preterm infants undergoing surgery for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).
Maintaining normothermia is crucial for optimizing clinical outcomes in neonates.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between intraoperative temperature and clinical outcomes in infants with NEC.
To determine the relationship between intraoperative temperature and morbidity, including fluid/blood product requirements and postoperative status.

Main Methods:

Retrospective review of 82 laparotomies for NEC (69 infants) between 2008 and 2011.
Analysis of intraoperative temperature, fluid and blood product requirements, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores, and mortality.
Statistical comparison using paired t-test and regression analysis.

Main Results:

A significant drop in core body temperature occurred during laparotomy for NEC (perioperative 34.9°C vs. preoperative 37.0°C).
Lower intraoperative temperatures were significantly associated with increased intraoperative blood transfusion requirements (p=0.01).
No significant relationships were found between intraoperative temperature and other morbidities or outcomes.

Conclusions:

Laparotomy for NEC is associated with a substantial intraoperative temperature decrease.
The impact of this intraoperative hypothermia on short-term and long-term infant outcomes requires further investigation.