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Related Concept Videos

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision01:15

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
Perceptual Constancy01:12

Perceptual Constancy

Perceptual constancy is the ability to recognize that objects remain consistent and unchanged even when their appearance varies due to changes in sensory input. There are four main types of perceptual constancy: size constancy, shape constancy, color constancy, and brightness constancy.
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Color Vision01:24

Color Vision

Color perception begins in the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. Two main theories explain how colors are seen: the trichromatic theory and the opponent-process theory. The trichromatic theory, proposed by Thomas Young in 1802 and extended by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1852, suggests that color vision is based on three types of cone receptors in the retina. These cones are sensitive to different but overlapping ranges of wavelengths corresponding to red, blue, and green.
Facial Feedback Hypothesis01:24

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

Charles Darwin proposed that facial expressions are an evolutionary adaptation for communication. He argued that these expressions are not influenced by culture but are universal across species. For example, a snarling expression with exposed teeth signals a threat in many animals, including humans. Darwin also suggested that displaying an emotion can intensify the feeling. Smiling, for example, could enhance one's sense of happiness. This idea laid the foundation for understanding the role of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

How to Create and Use Binocular Rivalry
14:34

How to Create and Use Binocular Rivalry

Published on: November 10, 2010

Stereoscopic Depth Perception during Binocular Rivalry.

Timothy J Andrews1, David Holmes

  • 1Department of Psychology and York Neuroimaging Centre, University of York York, UK.

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
|October 1, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Binocular rivalry, where images from each eye compete, does not always prevent stereoscopic depth perception. Even when suppressed, one eye's input can still contribute to depth awareness.

Keywords:
binocular rivalrystereopsis

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Last Updated: May 28, 2026

How to Create and Use Binocular Rivalry
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Published on: November 10, 2010

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Published on: September 6, 2017

Measuring Sensitivity to Viewpoint Change with and without Stereoscopic Cues
08:04

Measuring Sensitivity to Viewpoint Change with and without Stereoscopic Cues

Published on: December 4, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Vision Science
  • Perception

Background:

  • The human visual system typically fuses distinct retinal images from each eye to create stereoscopic depth perception.
  • When images are too dissimilar, binocular rivalry occurs, leading to alternating perceptual dominance and suppression of one eye's input.
  • Previous research suggested binocular rivalry precludes stereopsis, but some studies indicate they can coexist.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if a suppressed monocular stimulus during binocular rivalry can still contribute to stereoscopic depth perception.
  • To determine the conditions under which binocular rivalry and stereopsis can coexist.

Main Methods:

  • Presented incompatible monocular images with differing spatial frequencies, orientations, spatial phases, or directions of motion to induce binocular rivalry.
  • Assessed the persistence of stereoscopic depth perception despite the rivalry and reported suppression of one stimulus.

Main Results:

  • Stereoscopic depth perception remained evident even when binocular rivalry was induced.
  • This coexistence of stereopsis and binocular rivalry was observed across various stimulus disparities, including differences in spatial frequency, orientation, spatial phase, and motion direction.

Conclusions:

  • Binocular rivalry does not necessarily lead to the complete exclusion of a suppressed stimulus from contributing to visual perception.
  • Stereopsis can persist under conditions of binocular rivalry, challenging the notion that rivalry is solely a default outcome of failed fusion.
  • These findings reveal conditions where binocular rivalry and stereoscopic depth perception coexist, expanding our understanding of visual processing.