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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
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Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
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Social Anxiety Disorder

Social anxiety disorder, also known as social phobia, is characterized by an intense fear of social situations where one might face humiliation, rejection, embarrassment, or negative evaluation. This disorder leads individuals to avoid activities like casual conversations, public speaking, or seemingly simple tasks such as eating, signing documents, or swimming, in public settings. Its impact extends beyond discomfort, often significantly interfering with daily functioning and quality of life.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
09:13

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Published on: April 22, 2015

Unweaving the autism spectrum.

Catherine Lord1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10605, USA. cal2028@med.cornell.edu

Cell
|October 4, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified a mouse model for autism spectrum disorder by studying the CNTNAP2 gene. This model mimics human autism features, potentially accelerating the understanding of autism

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Developmental Disorders

Background:

  • Identifying genes linked to autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is a significant challenge.
  • Bridging the gap between genetic factors and behavioral deficits in ASD remains complex.

Discussion:

  • Peñagarikano et al. (2011) investigated the role of the CNTNAP2 gene in neurological function.
  • Mice lacking CNTNAP2 exhibited phenotypes relevant to human autism spectrum disorders.
  • CNTNAP2 is associated with a rare epilepsy form, autistic features, and language impairment.

Key Insights:

  • A mouse model lacking CNTNAP2 displays core features of autism spectrum disorder.
  • This genetic model offers a valuable tool for studying autism's underlying neurobiology.
  • The study highlights CNTNAP2's critical role in neuronal development and social behavior.

Outlook:

  • This research provides a promising avenue for identifying autism's specific neuronal circuitries.
  • Autism mouse models like this can accelerate the development of targeted therapeutic strategies.
  • Further investigation into CNTNAP2 function may unlock new insights into ASD pathogenesis.