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Difficulty processing temporary syntactic ambiguities in Lewy body spectrum disorder.

Murray Grossman1, Rachel G Gross, Peachie Moore

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Executive function deficits in Lewy body spectrum disorder (LBSD) impact sentence processing. Impaired working memory during ambiguous sentence comprehension in Parkinson

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Lewy body spectrum disorder (LBSD), encompassing Parkinson's disease (PD), Parkinson's dementia (PDD), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), is characterized by prominent executive function deficits despite preserved grammar.
  • Understanding the specific cognitive mechanisms underlying these executive deficits is crucial for diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate executive control during sentence processing in individuals with LBSD, specifically focusing on the comprehension of temporary structural ambiguities.
  • To explore the relationship between executive function impairments and neural changes in the brain.

Main Methods:

  • An online word detection procedure was employed to assess sentence processing in patients with LBSD.
  • Participants listened to sentences featuring temporary structural ambiguities with varying degrees of compatibility with the main verb's preferred structure.
  • Sentences were strategically lengthened between the ambiguity's onset and resolution to probe processing load.

Main Results:

  • Patients with PDD/DLB exhibited selectively slowed processing of lengthened ambiguous sentences.
  • This processing delay correlated significantly with impairments in executive control measures.
  • Regression analyses revealed that working memory deficits during ambiguous sentence processing were associated with cortical thinning in frontal and parietal regions.

Conclusions:

  • Executive deficits significantly interfere with the processing of ambiguous sentences in LBSD.
  • Prefrontal cortex integrity plays a critical role in the executive limitations observed during complex language comprehension in LBSD.
  • These findings highlight the importance of assessing executive functions in the context of language processing for individuals with LBSD.