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Encephalitis l: Introduction

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Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...

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Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...

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Intracerebroventricular and Intravascular Injection of Viral Particles and Fluorescent Microbeads into the Neonatal Brain

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[Childhood parvovirus B19 encephalitis].

P Meyer¹, E Jeziorski, L Bott-Gilton

¹Service d'immuno-rhumatologie et maladies infectieuses pédiatriques, université Montpellier-1, CHU de Montpellier, France. pagmeyer@yahoo.fr

Archives De Pediatrie : Organe Officiel De La Societe Francaise De Pediatrie

|October 4, 2011

Summary

Human parvovirus B19 (PVB19) can cause encephalitis in children, particularly those with febrile rash and seizures. Early diagnosis through PCR and IgM detection is crucial for effective management of this viral infection.

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Area of Science:

Pediatric Neurology
Infectious Diseases
Virology

Background:

Human parvovirus B19 (PVB19) is a common childhood virus causing erythema infectiosum (fifth disease).
PVB19 infections are increasingly recognized for their association with neurological complications, including encephalitis.

Observation:

A case report details a 3-year-old boy presenting with febrile encephalitis, characterized by altered mental status, seizures, and rash.
Diagnostic workup included normal cerebrospinal fluid and brain imaging, with electroencephalography showing focal slowing.

Findings:

PVB19 primo-infection was confirmed by detecting viral DNA in serum and CSF via PCR, alongside specific IgM antibodies.
In France, PVB19 accounts for 4.3% of undiagnosed pediatric meningoencephalitis cases, often presenting with seizures and rash.

Implications:

PVB19 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of childhood encephalitis, especially with concurrent rash and seizures.
Testing for PVB19 is recommended in children with compatible symptoms, despite not being standard in current guidelines, due to diagnostic simplicity and efficacy.