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Related Concept Videos

Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:21

Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and reduce chemical noise during analyte detection. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.Secondary fragmentations occur in the interaction cell and can be induced by various factors. Fragmentation induced by collision with inert gases, such as N2, Ar, He, etc., is called...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
Mass Analyzers: Common Types01:19

Mass Analyzers: Common Types

The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
NMR Spectrometers: Overview01:20

NMR Spectrometers: Overview

NMR spectrometers consist of a strong magnet, a radiofrequency transmitter, and a detector attached to a computer console for recording spectra of samples containing NMR-active nuclei. In first-generation NMR instruments called continuous-wave spectrometers, the resonance frequencies of the nuclei are determined by frequency-sweep or field-sweep methods. The magnetic field strength is fixed and the rf signal is swept in the former, while the radiofrequency signal is fixed and the magnetic field...
Nuclear Stability03:18

Nuclear Stability

Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
To hold positively charged protons together in the...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
The atomizer used in AAS can be either a flame atomizer or an...

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Updated: May 28, 2026

High-Resolution Neutron Spectroscopy to Study Picosecond-Nanosecond Dynamics of Proteins and Hydration Water
08:48

High-Resolution Neutron Spectroscopy to Study Picosecond-Nanosecond Dynamics of Proteins and Hydration Water

Published on: April 28, 2022

A neutron spectrometer using nested moderators.

J Dubeau1, S S Hakmana Witharana, J Atanackovic

  • 1DETEC, 32 Gatineau Ave, Gatineau, Quebec, Canada J8T 4J1. jdubeau@detec-rad.com

Radiation Protection Dosimetry
|October 4, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new Nested Neutron Spectrometer (NNS) offers a lighter, field-friendly alternative to traditional Bonner Sphere Spectrometer (BSS) systems. Its unique design provides comparable neutron spectra measurements with near-isotropic response.

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear instrumentation
  • Neutron detection and spectroscopy

Background:

  • Bonner Sphere Spectrometer (BSS) systems are standard for neutron spectroscopy.
  • Traditional BSS systems can be bulky and difficult to deploy in field conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel Nested Neutron Spectrometer (NNS) design.
  • To evaluate the performance of the NNS in terms of weight, usability, and measurement accuracy.

Main Methods:

  • The NNS utilizes a cylindrical, nested moderator design around a thermal neutron detector.
  • Simulations and experimental measurements were conducted to assess its response.
  • Comparison with a traditional BSS was performed.

Main Results:

  • The NNS demonstrates a significantly lighter and more portable instrument compared to conventional BSS.
  • The spectrometer achieves a near-angular isotropic response to neutrons.
  • Unfolded neutron spectra from the NNS align well with results from a traditional BSS.

Conclusions:

  • The Nested Neutron Spectrometer (NNS) is a viable and practical alternative for neutron energy spectrometry.
  • The innovative design maintains measurement fidelity while improving field deployability.