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Related Concept Videos

Bipolar Disorder01:30

Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.
Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview01:24

Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview

Mania, a psychological condition characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, and reduced sleep need, is part of the bipolar disorder cycle. The exact cause of mania isn't entirely known, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Bipolar disorder involves alternating manic and depressive episodes. Mood stabilizers like lithium, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants help manage these episodes. Lithium carbonate is particularly effective as a...
Management of Insomnia01:19

Management of Insomnia

The sleep cycle, an integral part of human health, consists of several stages with distinct characteristics and functions. It begins with a transition from wakefulness to sleep, known as the light sleep phase, followed by the restorative deep sleep phase, essential for physical recovery and growth. The cycle concludes with the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) phase, characterized by high brain activity and vivid dreaming. Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, involves difficulty falling asleep, staying...
Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents01:17

Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents

Sedatives and hypnotics encompass a wide range of substances, each with its unique mechanism of action, uses, and potential adverse effects.
Melatonin congeners like ramelteon (Rozerem) and tasimelteon (Hetlioz) selectively bind to melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) and thus mimic the actions of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. Tasimelteon is primarily used for non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder, common in blind patients. They are also used to treat conditions like insomnia...
Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder01:15

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder characterized by the absence of muscle paralysis that normally occurs during the REM phase of sleep. This absence allows individuals to physically act out their dreams, which are often vivid and disturbing. Common behaviors exhibited during episodes include kicking, punching, and yelling. These actions can be dangerous, potentially leading to injuries for the person with RBD or their bed partner.
RBD is significantly associated with...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Association Between Sleep Quality and Cognitive Symptoms in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder
04:33

Association Between Sleep Quality and Cognitive Symptoms in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder

Published on: April 26, 2024

Sleep disturbance in euthymic bipolar patients.

Louisa G Sylvia1, Jamie M Dupuy, Michael J Ostacher

  • 1Bipolar Clinic and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA. lsylvia2@partners.org

Journal of Psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)
|October 4, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sleep disturbance is common in euthymic (symptom-free) bipolar disorder patients. These sleep issues predict a higher risk of future mood episodes, suggesting they are key warning signs.

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Published on: September 22, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Bipolar Disorder Research

Background:

  • Sleep disturbance is frequently observed during mood episodes in bipolar disorder.
  • Its prevalence and prognostic significance in euthymic phases remain less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the frequency of sleep disturbances in euthymic bipolar patients.
  • To assess the association between sleep disturbance and the risk of mood episode recurrence.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of a cohort from the Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder (STEP-BD).
  • Inclusion criteria: Bipolar I or II patients, euthymic for ≥8 weeks.
  • Survival analysis used to link sleep disturbance (MADRS sleep item ≥2) with recurrence risk.

Main Results:

  • 73/483 (15.1%) euthymic patients reported mild or greater sleep disturbance.
  • Sleep problems were linked to a history of psychosis, suicide attempts, and anticonvulsant use.
  • Sleep disturbance at study entry significantly predicted increased risk for mood episode recurrence.

Conclusions:

  • Sleep disturbances are prevalent in euthymic bipolar disorder patients.
  • These symptoms may indicate a more severe illness course.
  • Sleep disturbance is a potential prodromal symptom and a target for maintenance treatments.