Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

A Robust Pneumonia Model in Immunocompetent Rodents to Evaluate Antibacterial Efficacy against S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa or A. baumannii
09:17

A Robust Pneumonia Model in Immunocompetent Rodents to Evaluate Antibacterial Efficacy against S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa or A. baumannii

Published on: January 2, 2017

Treatment failure in pneumonia: impact of antibiotic treatment and cost analysis

S R Ott1, B M Hauptmeier, C Ernen

  • 1Dept of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Berne, Inselspital and University of Berne, 3010 Berne, Switzerland. sebastian.ott@insel.ch

The European Respiratory Journal
|October 4, 2011
PubMed

Insights

Treatment failure in hospitalized community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is common. Initial antibiotic treatment with moxifloxacin (MFX) or a beta-lactam plus macrolide (BLM) combination reduced failure rates and associated costs.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacoeconomics
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Hospitalized community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) presents significant treatment challenges.
  • Treatment failure (TF) in CAP contributes to prolonged hospital stays and increased healthcare costs.
  • Optimizing initial antibiotic strategies is crucial for improving patient outcomes and resource management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate treatment failure (TF) in hospitalized CAP patients.
  • To evaluate the impact of initial antibiotic treatment on TF.
  • To assess the economic consequences of TF in CAP management.

Main Methods:

  • Two open, prospective, multicenter studies were conducted.
  • 1,236 hospitalized CAP patients were analyzed.
  • Initial antibiotic therapies, including moxifloxacin (MFX) and non-standardized treatments, were compared, with TF defined as therapy change after >72 hours.

Main Results:

  • Treatment failure (TF) occurred in 15.9% of patients, leading to longer hospital stays and higher costs.
  • Patients receiving moxifloxacin (MFX) experienced significantly less TF (10.9%) compared to other treatments (20.6%).
  • Multivariate analysis showed reduced TF risk with MFX compared to beta-lactam monotherapy and comparable risk to beta-lactam plus macrolide (BLM) combinations.

Conclusions:

  • Treatment failure is a frequent and costly complication in hospitalized CAP.
  • Initial antibiotic treatment with moxifloxacin (MFX) or a beta-lactam plus macrolide (BLM) combination may be effective strategies to prevent TF.
  • Implementing these strategies could potentially reduce treatment costs associated with CAP.

Related Concept Videos

Pneumonia IV: Management01:28

Pneumonia IV: Management

The treatment of pneumonia varies based on its severity and the causative pathogen. Here is a structured approach to managing pneumonia, integrating pharmaceutical and supportive care strategies.
Bacterial Pneumonia Treatment
For bacterial pneumonia, antibiotics serve as the cornerstone of therapy. Initial treatment often begins with empirical antibiotics, tailored to the anticipated causative organism and adjusted based on culture results. Key antibiotic choices include:
Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment01:30

Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment

Pneumonia poses the potential for numerous complications that warrant consideration. These complications include the following:
Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
Atypical Pneumonia01:14

Atypical Pneumonia

Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease include...
Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA01:25

Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA

Antibiotic resistance in bacteria arises when microorganisms evolve the ability to withstand drugs designed to kill them or inhibit their growth, rendering once-effective treatments useless. This phenomenon, driven by genetic change and selection under antibiotic exposure, poses a profound threat to modern medicine. Mechanisms include drug-inactivating enzymes (e.g., β-lactamases), efflux pumps that eject antibiotics, mutations altering antibiotic targets, decreased drug uptake, and acquisition...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:29

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...