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Related Concept Videos

Development of Blood Vessels01:07

Development of Blood Vessels

The development of the vascular system in a fetus is a complex and intricate process that begins as early as 15 to 16 days post-conception. This process starts outside the embryo, specifically in the mesoderm of the yolk sac, chorion, and connecting stalk. Approximately two days later, the formation of blood vessels occurs within the embryo itself.
The initial formation of this system is facilitated by the small amount of yolk present in the ovum and yolk sac. Blood vessels originate from...
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Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...
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Hematopoiesis

The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...
Mechanism of Angiogenesis01:10

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Blood vessel formation starts early during embryonic development, around day 7. In the extraembryonic yolk sac, mesodermal precursor cells called hemangioblast proliferate and differentiate into angioblast. Angioblasts express vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 or VEGFR2, which binds VEGF-A, a proangiogenic factor, guiding blood vessel formation. VEGF signaling promotes angioblasts to form a blood island in the developing embryo. Angioblasts further differentiate, giving rise to...
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Cell size is a significant factor impacting cellular design, function, and fitness. There exists some internal coordination by which cells double their masses before division, thus, achieving homeostasis. Coordination between cell growth and proliferation depends on the checkpoints in between cell cycle phases. Loss of coordination or failure in the checkpoint mechanism can drive the cell to uncontrolled growth and loss of cellular function. Like dividing cells that coordinate cellular growth,...
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Cell size is a significant factor impacting cellular design, function, and fitness. There exists some internal coordination by which cells double their masses before division, thus, achieving homeostasis. Coordination between cell growth and proliferation depends on the checkpoints in between cell cycle phases. Loss of coordination or failure in the checkpoint mechanism can drive the cell to uncontrolled growth and loss of cellular function. Like dividing cells that coordinate cellular growth,...

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Generation of Human Blood Vessel Organoids from Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Coordinating cell behaviour during blood vessel formation.

Ilse Geudens1, Holger Gerhardt

  • 1Vascular Patterning Laboratory, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.

Development (Cambridge, England)
|October 4, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding blood vessel development is key for tissue growth. This review highlights cellular mechanisms and coordination during vascular patterning using various model systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Blood vessel development is essential for vertebrate tissue growth and physiology.
  • Endothelial cell behavior and coordination during vascular patterning remain incompletely understood.
  • Recent advancements in imaging and modeling have improved insights into blood vessel formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current in vitro, in vivo, and in silico model systems for studying blood vessel development.
  • To review the cellular mechanisms and molecular players involved in different stages of blood vessel development.
  • To focus on endothelial cell specification and coordination within the vascular network.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on advanced imaging techniques.
  • Analysis of in vitro, in vivo, and in silico model systems.
  • Synthesis of findings on cellular mechanisms and molecular players in vascular development.

Main Results:

  • Various model systems offer distinct advantages and disadvantages for studying vascular development.
  • Key cellular events and molecular signals orchestrate blood vessel formation.
  • Endothelial cell specification and coordinated behavior are critical for network patterning.

Conclusions:

  • Integrated approaches using diverse models are crucial for advancing our understanding of vascular development.
  • Further research into cell specification and coordination will elucidate complex vascular patterning.
  • This review provides a framework for future investigations into blood vessel formation.