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Updated: May 28, 2026

Problem-Solving Before Instruction (PS-I): A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities
Published on: September 11, 2021
Hindi version of present state examination : problems of translation and application in Indian setting
N N Wig1, D K Menon, R Srinivasamurthy
1Prof. and Head, Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi-110 029.
Abstract:
The present State Examination (PSE) schedule is a widely used instrument to record mental status of adult neurotic and functional psychotic patients. It has 140 items based in a semi-structured interview. Each item is rated on ordinal scale. Ratings are based on clinical judgement for which comprehensive glossary is provided. PSE has been used in several international collaborative studies which show that this standardised instrument can be used reliably. The experiences gained in using the Hindi version of the PSE have been highlighted. It has been observed that although there are some limitations, the PSE as a research instrument can be used reliably in the Indian setting. There is a need to gain experience in using the PSE in other Indian languages.
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