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Related Concept Videos

Overview Of Cell Separation And Isolation01:20

Overview Of Cell Separation And Isolation

Cell separation was first achieved in 1964 by S. H. Seal, who separated large tumor cells from the smaller blood cells using filtration. Two years later, Pohl and Hawk performed experiments on how cells respond differently to a nonuniform electric field based on the cell type. Such observations were the inception of cell separation methods, which allow isolating a single cell type from a heterogeneous sample.
Upstream Processing01:27

Upstream Processing

Upstream processing represents a critical phase in biomanufacturing, wherein biological systems such as microorganisms, mammalian cells, or insect cells are cultivated to produce therapeutic proteins, vaccines, enzymes, or other biologically derived products. This phase encompasses all steps from the selection and genetic manipulation of the production organism to the cultivation of cells in bioreactors under tightly controlled environmental conditions.Host Selection and Genetic OptimizationThe...
Downstream Processing01:29

Downstream Processing

Downstream processing begins once fermentation is complete and involves a series of steps to recover and purify products such as acids, vitamins, antibiotics, or proteins.Cell HarvestingFor example, for intracellular protein-based products, the first step is harvesting the cells. This is typically achieved using centrifugation or filtration to separate the cells from the liquid phase.Cell Disruption for Intracellular ProductsIf the target product is intracellular, the harvested cells must be...
Dialysis01:15

Dialysis

Dialysis is a diffusion-based purification process that separates analyte molecules from a complex matrix. This is accomplished by allowing molecules in the solution to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a liquid on the other side. The membrane is usually made of cellulose acetate or cellulose nitrate, and the second liquid must be miscible with the solution. Ions (e.g., chloride or sodium) or organic molecules (e.g., glucose) can pass through the membrane pores, which generally have...
What are Membranes?01:54

What are Membranes?

A key characteristic of life is the ability to separate the external environment from the internal space. To do this, cells have evolved semi-permeable membranes that regulate the passage of biological molecules. Additionally, the cell membrane defines a cell’s shape and interactions with the external environment. Eukaryotic cell membranes also serve to compartmentalize the internal space into organelles, including the endomembrane structures of the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi...
Detergent Purification of Membrane Proteins01:18

Detergent Purification of Membrane Proteins

Detergents are used to purify the integral proteins of the membrane. The hydrophobic portion of the detergent can replace membrane phospholipids while solubilizing the membrane proteins. When detergent monomers reach a specific concentration in a solution called critical micelle concentration (CMC), they form micelles. Above CMC, the concentration of the detergent monomers remains in equilibrium with the micelle. The number of detergent monomers present in the CMC varies for each detergent, and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Continuous Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Medium-Chain Fatty Acids from Fermentation Broth Using Hollow-Fiber Membranes
06:45

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Published on: August 9, 2024

Recent developments in membrane-based separations in biotechnology processes: review.

A S Rathore1, A Shirke

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India. asrathore@biotechcmz.com

Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology
|October 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Membrane separations are vital in biotechnology for clarification, purification, and sterilization. Recent advancements focus on improving these ubiquitous and cost-effective processes.

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Primary Clarification of CHO Harvested Cell Culture Fluid using an Acoustic Separator
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Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Continuous Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Medium-Chain Fatty Acids from Fermentation Broth Using Hollow-Fiber Membranes
06:45

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Published on: August 9, 2024

Three-Dimensionally Printed Microfluidic Cross-flow System for Ultrafiltration/Nanofiltration Membrane Performance Testing
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Primary Clarification of CHO Harvested Cell Culture Fluid using an Acoustic Separator
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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Separation Science

Background:

  • Membrane-based separations are essential unit operations in biotechnology.
  • They offer diverse applications like clarification, concentration, purification, and sterilization.
  • Various formats exist, including depth filtration, ultrafiltration, and microfiltration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review major developments in membrane-based separations.
  • Focus on advancements within the last five years.
  • Highlight the significance of these technologies in biotech.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of membrane separation technologies.
  • Analysis of recent innovations (last 5 years).
  • Focus on applications in biotechnology processes.

Main Results:

  • Membrane separations are widely used (10-20 steps per process) due to versatility and cost-effectiveness.
  • Key advantages include broad applicability, format variety, operational simplicity, robustness, and lower capital costs.
  • Significant developments have occurred in recent years, enhancing efficiency and scope.

Conclusions:

  • Membrane-based separations remain a cornerstone of biotechnology.
  • Continuous innovation is driving improvements in performance and application range.
  • These technologies are critical for efficient and economical bioprocessing.