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The evolution of teaching.

L Fogarty¹, P Strimling, K N Laland

¹Centre for Social Learning and Cognitive Evolution, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Queen's Terrace, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9TS, United Kingdom.

Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution

|October 5, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Teaching is rare in nature because it

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Area of Science:

Evolutionary biology
Behavioral ecology
Cultural transmission

Background:

Human success is linked to high-fidelity information transmission via teaching and imitation.
The rarity of teaching in non-human animals compared to humans is a significant evolutionary puzzle.
Teaching facilitates cumulative knowledge and normative culture.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the evolutionary conditions favoring teaching using genetic models.
To understand why teaching is widespread in humans but rare in other species.

Main Methods:

Developed simple genetic models to simulate teaching between related individuals.
Analyzed inclusive fitness benefits versus the costs of teaching.
Incorporated models of cumulative cultural knowledge gain.

Main Results:

Teaching evolves when inclusive fitness benefits outweigh transmission costs.
Teaching is disfavored if pupils can easily learn independently or through copying.
Teaching is less likely for traits that are difficult to learn or for which teachers lack information.

Conclusions:

The efficacy of teaching is limited to a narrow range of traits, explaining its rarity.
Cumulative culture in humans makes valuable, difficult-to-acquire information teachable, driving its evolution.
This research sheds light on the specific evolutionary pressures shaping teaching behavior.