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Related Concept Videos

Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
Reason and Intuition01:37

Reason and Intuition

The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the brain can only use...
Decision Making: Traditional Method01:14

Decision Making: Traditional Method

The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...
Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition01:24

Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition

A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are themselves.
Decision Making: P-value Method01:09

Decision Making: P-value Method

The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim  is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses:  a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can have a...
Framing Effects03:26

Framing Effects

Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in different ways based on the...

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The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
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Age-related changes in decision making: comparing informed and noninformed situations.

Anna C K Van Duijvenvoorde1, Brenda R J Jansen, Joren C Bredman

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam,Amsterdam, the Netherlands. a.c.k.vanduijvenvoorde@uva.nl

Developmental Psychology
|October 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Understanding decision-making development is key. This study shows that reducing reliance on long-term and working memory significantly improves advantageous decision-making in children, suggesting other factors may also be involved.

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Published on: August 25, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Development
  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Advantageous decision-making skills mature through adolescence, particularly in complex situations with feedback.
  • The underlying cognitive factors driving this developmental improvement remain unclear.
  • Investigating memory's role is crucial for understanding decision-making maturation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the influence of long-term and working memory demands on advantageous decision-making.
  • To explore how memory load affects decision-making performance across different age groups.
  • To identify factors contributing to the development of effective decision-making.

Main Methods:

  • A large developmental sample (ages 7-29) participated.
  • Participants completed an age-adapted Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) under two conditions: noninformed (high memory load) and informed (low memory load with external information).
  • Performance was assessed by the preference for advantageous options.

Main Results:

  • Children under 12 did not improve decision-making in the noninformed condition.
  • All age groups showed improved advantageous decision-making in the informed condition.
  • A slight developmental increase in decision-making was still observed even when memory demands were reduced.

Conclusions:

  • Reducing dependence on long-term and working memory enhances advantageous decision-making in children.
  • Memory capacity is a significant factor in the development of decision-making.
  • Inhibitory control may also play a role in the developmental trajectory of decision-making.