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Related Concept Videos

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems01:18

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) enable the controlled release of drugs across the skin into systemic circulation. They are particularly advantageous for drugs with short half-lives or narrow therapeutic indices, as they maintain consistent plasma concentrations and reduce the risk of subtherapeutic or toxic levels.TDDS are categorized into monolithic, reservoir, and mixed systems. Monolithic systems embed the drug in a polymer matrix, where diffusion governs release. Reservoir systems...
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors01:29

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is the clinical practice of measuring specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to manage and optimize therapy. TDM is crucial for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, like warfarin and phenytoin, where incorrect doses can lead to treatment failure or severe side effects. This monitoring ensures the dosage administered is within a safe and effective range. The factors affecting therapeutic drug monitoring include:Patient-Specific Factors:a.
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Drug Analysis Methods01:26

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Drug Analysis Methods

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is a clinical practice that measures specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to tailor drug therapy effectively. This monitoring is critical for managing drugs with narrow therapeutic indices like digoxin and phenytoin, ensuring they are both safe and effective. For instance, monitoring theophylline levels in asthma patients involves precision and sensitivity to adjust doses according to individual responses to therapy, ensuring efficacy and...
Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems01:23

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems

Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Visualizing and Quantifying Pharmaceutical Compounds within Skin using Coherent Raman Scattering Imaging
11:07

Visualizing and Quantifying Pharmaceutical Compounds within Skin using Coherent Raman Scattering Imaging

Published on: November 24, 2021

Teledermatology in pharmacies: a pilot study.

Melissa N Manahan1, H Peter Soyer, Lisa M Nissen

  • 1School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.

Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare
|October 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Community pharmacists showed moderate accuracy in managing skin conditions, indicating a need for enhanced dermatology education and support. Pharmacists expressed interest in further training and teledermatology services.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Pharmacy Practice
  • Health Education

Background:

  • Community pharmacists play a key role in primary skin condition management.
  • There is a need to assess current pharmacist practices and identify educational gaps in dermatology.
  • Teledermatology integration in community pharmacy settings warrants investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate community pharmacists' accuracy in managing skin conditions.
  • To explore pharmacists' perceptions of teledermatology services.
  • To identify needs for further educational support in dermatological care.

Main Methods:

  • A questionnaire was administered to 20 community pharmacists in Queensland.
  • A dermatologist reviewed 33 cases of pharmacist-provided skin condition advice.
  • A one-month pilot study assessed teledermatology service uptake in one pharmacy.

Main Results:

  • Moderate agreement (kappa = 0.58, P < 0.05) was found between pharmacists and a dermatologist in managing skin conditions.
  • All surveyed pharmacists desired further education in dermatology.
  • A low initial uptake of a teledermatology service was observed (2/5 patients consented).

Conclusions:

  • Community pharmacists demonstrate moderate accuracy in skin condition management, highlighting a need for improved educational resources.
  • Pharmacists are receptive to teledermatology and express a strong desire for enhanced dermatological training.
  • Further research is needed to optimize teledermatology implementation in community pharmacy settings.