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Inhibitors Of Virion Release

Inhibitors Of Virion Release

Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...

Influenza

Influenza

Influenza is an acute, highly communicable viral disease that affects the respiratory tract and is responsible for seasonal epidemics worldwide. Influenza A is the most prevalent type associated with widespread outbreaks and is subtyped based on two surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), as in H1N1. These glycoproteins are essential for viral infectivity, transmission, and immune recognition. Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets and contaminated...

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...

Viral Recombination

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Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Fluorescence-based Neuraminidase Inhibition Assay to Assess the Susceptibility of Influenza Viruses to The Neuraminidase Inhibitor Class of Antivirals

Fluorescence-based Neuraminidase Inhibition Assay to Assess the Susceptibility of Influenza Viruses to The Neuraminidase Inhibitor Class of Antivirals

Published on: April 15, 2017

Taming influenza viruses.

Makoto Ozawa¹, Yoshihiro Kawaoka

¹Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan. mozawa@vetmed.wisc.edu

|October 5, 2011

Summary

Reverse genetics systems enable creating artificial influenza viruses. These systems advance understanding of virus replication and aid in developing new influenza vaccines.

Area of Science:

Virology
Molecular Biology
Vaccinology

Background:

Influenza virus poses a significant public health threat.
Reverse genetics systems are crucial tools for studying influenza virus.

Purpose of the Study:

To review advancements in plasmid-based reverse genetics for influenza virus.
To discuss the application of these systems in understanding viral replication and pathogenicity.
To explore their role in developing novel influenza vaccines.

Main Methods:

Utilizing plasmid-based reverse genetics to generate influenza viruses.
Engineering influenza viruses to express foreign genes.
Analyzing viral replication and pathogenicity in modified viruses.

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Main Results:

Successful generation of genetically modified influenza viruses.
Enhanced understanding of influenza virus replication mechanisms.
Development of platforms for novel vaccine strategies.

Conclusions:

Plasmid-based reverse genetics has significantly advanced influenza virus research.
These systems are instrumental for both fundamental research and vaccine development.
Future perspectives include further refinement and application in combating influenza.