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Related Concept Videos

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue01:15

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
Nervous Tissue: Myelin01:25

Nervous Tissue: Myelin

The myelin sheath is a multilayered lipid and protein covering that insulates the axon of a neuron, enhancing the speed of nerve impulse conduction. Axons without this sheath are referred to as unmyelinated. Two types of neuroglia, Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) are responsible for producing myelin sheaths.
Schwann cells begin to form myelin sheaths around axons during fetal development. They wrap around a small...
Neurons: The Axon01:21

Neurons: The Axon

Axons are long, cytoplasmic processes of nerve cells capable of propagating electrical impulses known as action potentials. The cytoplasm or axoplasm of an axon contains neurofibrils, neurotubules, small vesicles, lysosomes, mitochondria, and various enzymes, all encased within the axolemma, the plasma membrane of the axon.
The axon attaches to the cell body at a cone-shaped elevation called the axon hillock. The initial part of the axon, closest to the hillock, is known as the initial segment.
Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Inflammation01:38

Inflammation

Overview
Overview of Regeneration and Repair01:19

Overview of Regeneration and Repair

Regeneration and repair processes are critical in healing damages caused by injury, disease, and aging. In regeneration, the damaged tissue is entirely replaced with new growth that restores the original architecture and function. In contrast, tissue repair usually results in a fixed tissue architecture involving scar formation. Scars generally do not reestablish tissue function and may also exhibit structural abnormalities at the injury site.
Regeneration
All animals have varying degrees of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

An Ex Vivo Laser-induced Spinal Cord Injury Model to Assess Mechanisms of Axonal Degeneration in Real-time
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An Ex Vivo Laser-induced Spinal Cord Injury Model to Assess Mechanisms of Axonal Degeneration in Real-time

Published on: November 25, 2014

Inflammation and axon regeneration.

Larry I Benowitz1, Phillip G Popovich

  • 1Laboratory for Neuroscience Research in Neurosurgery and F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital, and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. larry.benowitz@childrens.harvard.edu

Current Opinion in Neurology
|October 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Augmenting inflammation can promote neural regeneration in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). Further research is needed to harness beneficial inflammatory effects for neural repair while mitigating negative impacts.

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Genetic Study of Axon Regeneration with Cultured Adult Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons
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Last Updated: May 28, 2026

An Ex Vivo Laser-induced Spinal Cord Injury Model to Assess Mechanisms of Axonal Degeneration in Real-time
11:18

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Published on: November 25, 2014

Genetic Study of Axon Regeneration with Cultured Adult Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons
09:42

Genetic Study of Axon Regeneration with Cultured Adult Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons

Published on: August 17, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Neural injury triggers an inflammatory response involving diverse cells and molecules.
  • Inflammation is crucial for peripheral nervous system regeneration.
  • Central nervous system (CNS) regeneration is typically limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence on augmenting inflammation to enhance CNS regeneration.
  • To explore the role of inflammation in neural repair and recovery.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing scientific literature on inflammation and neural regeneration.
  • Analysis of studies investigating inflammatory modulation in CNS and PNS repair models.

Main Results:

  • Inflammation promotes axon regeneration in the spinal cord and optic nerve.
  • Oncomodulin and other factors mediate pro-regenerative inflammatory effects.
  • Inflammation can enable peripheral sensory neurons to regenerate into the spinal cord.
  • Negative inflammatory effects can impede neural recovery.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting specific inflammatory cells and molecules can favor neural repair.
  • Developing treatments to balance inflammation is key for effective neural regeneration.
  • Understanding dual roles of inflammation is critical for therapeutic strategies.