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Oxidative stress in keratoconus?

Emma Arnal1, Cristina Peris-Martínez, Jose Luis Menezo

  • 1Fundación Oftalmológica del Mediterráneo, Valencia, Spain.

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
|October 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Oxidative stress markers are altered in keratoconus (KC) corneas, with decreased antioxidant capacity and increased lipid peroxidation. These findings suggest oxidative stress plays a role in KC development and may offer future treatment insights.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Biochemistry
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Keratoconus (KC) is a progressive thinning of the cornea.
  • The role of oxidative stress in KC pathophysiology is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate alterations in oxidative stress markers in keratoconus corneas.
  • To assess the relationship between oxidative stress and KC development.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of oxidative stress markers in healthy and ectatic corneas (KC and post-LASIK).
  • Assay of total antioxidant capacity, total nitrites, and glutathione content.
  • Immunohistochemistry for 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) to evaluate lipid peroxidation.

Main Results:

  • KC corneas showed significantly decreased antioxidant capacity and glutathione levels compared to healthy corneas.
  • Elevated levels of total nitrites and lipid peroxidation products were observed in KC corneas.
  • Increased 4-HNE-positive cells in KC corneas indicate significant oxidative damage.

Conclusions:

  • Increased oxidative stress markers and reduced antioxidant defenses in KC corneas suggest its involvement in disease development.
  • Similar oxidative stress patterns were observed in post-LASIK ectatic corneas.
  • Findings may offer new perspectives for the prevention and treatment of keratoconus.