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Related Concept Videos

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
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Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly

As part of their replication cycle, certain viruses synthesize long precursor proteins called polyproteins within infected host cells. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), two major polyproteins are produced: Gag and Gag-Pol. The Gag polyprotein supplies the structural components of the virus, while Gag-Pol includes essential viral enzymes such as reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease. After synthesis, these polyproteins move to the host cell membrane, where they assemble into an...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Generation of Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells from Whole Blood
07:35

Generation of Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells from Whole Blood

Published on: December 24, 2016

Dendritic cell dysfunction during primary HIV-1 infection.

Jinghe Huang1, Yue Yang, Maha Al-Mozaini

  • 1Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA.

The Journal of Infectious Diseases
|October 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection disrupts dendritic cell functions. These crucial immune cells show impaired antigen presentation and cytokine secretion, impacting adaptive immunity.

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Assessing the Innate Sensing of HIV-1 Infected CD4+ T Cells by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Using an Ex vivo Co-culture System.
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Isolation, Transfection, and Culture of Primary Human Monocytes
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Isolation, Transfection, and Culture of Primary Human Monocytes

Published on: December 16, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Generation of Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells from Whole Blood
07:35

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Published on: December 24, 2016

Assessing the Innate Sensing of HIV-1 Infected CD4+ T Cells by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Using an Ex vivo Co-culture System.
08:11

Assessing the Innate Sensing of HIV-1 Infected CD4+ T Cells by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Using an Ex vivo Co-culture System.

Published on: September 1, 2015

Isolation, Transfection, and Culture of Primary Human Monocytes
09:13

Isolation, Transfection, and Culture of Primary Human Monocytes

Published on: December 16, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Dendritic cells (DCs) are vital for initiating and shaping adaptive immunity.
  • DCs regulate immune responses through cytokine production.
  • Understanding DC function during viral infections is critical.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional properties of dendritic cells during primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection.
  • To identify alterations in myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cell function in acute HIV-1.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of functional properties of dendritic cells.
  • Assessment of antigen-presenting capabilities.
  • Evaluation of cytokine secretion profiles.
  • Examination of surface receptor expression (Leukocyte Immunoglobulin-like Receptor family).

Main Results:

  • Significant functional disarray observed in myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells during primary HIV-1 infection.
  • Defective antigen-presenting functions were identified.
  • Impaired cytokine secretion capabilities were noted.
  • A distinct surface expression profile of immunomodulatory dendritic cell receptors was associated with these defects.

Conclusions:

  • Key functional properties of dendritic cells are compromised during the early stages of HIV-1 infection.
  • These functional deficits in dendritic cells may contribute to immune dysregulation in HIV-1.
  • Alterations in dendritic cell receptor expression correlate with functional impairments.