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Cellular toxicity of gentamicin.

J Libert, P E Ketelbant-Balasse, F Van Hoof

    American Journal of Ophthalmology
    |March 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Subconjunctival gentamicin injections caused lysosomal storage in conjunctival fibroblasts across species. Kidney tubule damage was observed in animals, suggesting potential human kidney risks.

    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Nephrology
    • Cell Biology

    Background:

    • Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections.
    • Subconjunctival injections are a common route for delivering medications to the eye.
    • Lysosomal storage disorders involve the accumulation of substances within cells.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the cellular effects of subconjunctival gentamicin injections.
    • To determine if gentamicin induces lysosomal storage in ocular tissues.
    • To assess potential systemic toxicity, particularly in the kidneys.

    Main Methods:

    • Subconjunctival injections of gentamicin were administered to rats and rabbits.
    • Conjunctival fibroblasts were examined using electron microscopy.

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  • Ocular and renal tissues were histologically evaluated in animal models.

    • Main Results:

    • Gentamicin induced a lysosomal storage process in conjunctival fibroblasts of rats, rabbits, and humans.
    • Electron microscopy revealed granular material and lamellar structures, indicative of complex lipid accumulation.
    • While other ocular tissues and blood-borne cells were unaffected in animals, significant kidney tubule lesions were noted.

    Conclusions:

    • Subconjunctival gentamicin causes lysosomal lipid storage in conjunctival fibroblasts.
    • Renal toxicity is a potential concern with subconjunctival gentamicin, even in the absence of direct ocular administration.
    • Further investigation into human kidney response is warranted.