Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 28, 2026

Comprehensive & Cost Effective Laboratory Monitoring of HIV/AIDS: an African Role Model
Published on: October 31, 2010
Building on the success of the Expanded Programme on Immunization: enhancing the focus on disease prevention and
T J John1, S A Plotkin, W A Orenstein
1Department of Clinical Virology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, TN, India. tjacobjohn@yahoo.co.in
Abstract:
The Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) has succeeded in establishing a vaccine delivery system in all low and middle income (LMI) countries. Because EPI has focused on immunization delivery, its major outcome is measured in many countries only as vaccine coverage, not as disease reduction, the real goal of EPI. Monitoring disease reduction requires real-time case-based disease surveillance and appropriate interventions, for which a functional public health infrastructure is needed. If the highest priority for assessing impact of EPI shifts to disease prevention and control from vaccine coverage, the programme may be transformed to one of control of childhood communicable diseases (CCCD), with the potential of expanding the range of diseases of children and adults for control and of integrating all other current vertical (single disease) control efforts with it. EPI provides the essential platform on which CCCD can be built to create a public health infrastructure.
Related Concept Videos
Smallpox
International Nursing Organizations II
The WHO provides expert team support, including funding, vaccines, testing, and treatment tools at the country level to fight...
Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention
In primary prevention, actions taken before disease onset prevent the disease from...
Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is limited...
Principles of Disease Surveillance
Primary Healthcare Services
In 1978, international leaders convened in Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, for what would be a pivotal event in global health. The Alma-Ata Declaration was the first to call...
