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Viability of maxillary bone harvesting by using different osteotomy techniques. A pilot study.

M Atari¹, P Chatakun, O Ortiz

¹Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, International University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain.

Histology and Histopathology

|October 6, 2011

Summary

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Autogenous bone grafts show high levels of cell death (apoptosis) regardless of harvesting method. Freshly harvested bone chips from rotary or piezoelectric devices are not a viable cell source for bone regeneration.

Area of Science:

Oral surgery
Biomaterials science
Cell biology

Background:

Autogenous bone grafts are crucial for bone regeneration.
Concerns exist regarding the viability of bone cells in harvested grafts.
Evaluating cell viability after different harvesting techniques is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess bone cell viability (apoptosis and necrosis) in particulated and block autografts.
To compare cell viability from maxillary intra-oral harvesting using bone scrapers, rotary burs, and piezoelectric devices.

Main Methods:

Bone samples were harvested from five patients undergoing sinus augmentation.
Harvesting methods included bone scraper, piezoelectric device, and rotary burs.
Cell viability was analyzed using Annexin V/FITC staining and Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS).

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Main Results:

Autogenous bone chips from all three harvesting methods exhibited a high percentage of apoptotic cells.
Significant levels of necrotic cells were not detected in the harvested samples.
Fresh autogenous bone chips did not prove to be a viable cell source.

Conclusions:

The harvesting method significantly impacts the viability of autogenous bone grafts.
Rotary surgical instruments and piezoelectric devices, while common for osteotomy, yield bone chips with compromised cell viability.
Further research is needed to optimize bone graft harvesting for enhanced cell survival in regeneration procedures.