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Related Concept Videos

Bipolar Disorder01:30

Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.
Pleiotropy01:33

Pleiotropy

Pleiotropy is the phenomenon in which a single gene impacts multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. For example, defects in the SOX10 gene cause Waardenburg Syndrome Type 4, or WS4, which can cause defects in pigmentation, hearing impairments, and an absence of intestinal contractions necessary for elimination. This diversity of phenotypes results from the expression pattern of SOX10 in early embryonic and fetal development. SOX10 is found in neural crest cells that form melanocytes,...
Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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Polygenic Traits01:18

Polygenic Traits

When more than one gene is responsible for a given phenotype, the trait is considered polygenic. Human height is a polygenic trait. Studies have uncovered hundreds of loci that influence height, and there are believed to be many more. Due to the high number of genes involved, as well as environmental and nutritional factors, height varies significantly within a given population. The distribution of height forms a bell-shaped curve, with relatively few individuals in the population at the...
Polygenic Traits01:18

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When more than one gene is responsible for a given phenotype, the trait is considered polygenic. Human height is a polygenic trait. Studies have uncovered hundreds of loci that influence height, and there are believed to be many more. Due to the high number of genes involved, as well as environmental and nutritional factors, height varies significantly within a given population. The distribution of height forms a bell-shaped curve, with relatively few individuals in the population at the...

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A Novel Strategy Combining Array-CGH, Whole-exome Sequencing and In Utero Electroporation in Rodents to Identify Causative Genes for Brain Malformations
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Polygenic dissection of the bipolar phenotype.

M L Hamshere1, M C O'Donovan, I R Jones

  • 1MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, UK.

The British Journal of Psychiatry : the Journal of Mental Science
|October 6, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Genetic susceptibility for schizophrenia influences bipolar disorder, particularly schizoaffective disorder. Polygenic risk alleles differentiate schizoaffective bipolar disorder from other bipolar disorder types, suggesting distinct genetic underpinnings.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatric Genetics
  • Molecular Psychiatry
  • Clinical Neuroscience

Background:

  • Emerging evidence highlights a significant shared polygenic contribution to schizophrenia and bipolar disorder susceptibility.
  • This suggests a complex genetic architecture underlying these related mental health conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genetic relationship between schizophrenia and psychotic bipolar disorder.
  • To determine if polygenic risk alleles for schizophrenia can distinguish between bipolar disorder subtypes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized polygenic score analysis on primary (1829 participants) and replication (506 participants) bipolar disorder cohorts.
  • Assessed the discriminatory power of schizophrenia risk alleles in individuals with bipolar disorder with and without psychotic features.

Main Results:

  • Schizophrenia polygenic risk alleles significantly differentiated individuals with schizoaffective bipolar disorder from other bipolar disorder patients in both datasets (P < 0.001).
  • No significant differentiation was observed between the broader categories of psychotic bipolar disorder and non-psychotic bipolar disorder.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic factors contribute to distinct phenotypic domains within the schizophrenia-bipolar disorder spectrum.
  • These findings suggest separate genetic influences for bipolar disorder-like phenotypes and schizophrenia-like psychotic symptoms.