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Transesophageal echocardiography in children with congenital heart disease: an initial experience
O F Stümper1, N J Elzenga, J Hess
1Department of Echocardiography, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Insights
Single-plane transesophageal echocardiography offers valuable insights for diagnosing and managing congenital heart disease in children. This pediatric cardiac imaging technique aids in initial diagnosis, perioperative monitoring, and postsurgical follow-up.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Cardiology
- Medical Imaging
- Echocardiography
Background:
- Congenital heart disease (CHD) diagnosis and management in children require advanced imaging.
- Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) offers detailed cardiac views but its pediatric application needs evaluation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the utility of single-plane transesophageal echocardiography in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease.
- To evaluate its role in initial diagnosis, perioperative management, and postoperative follow-up.
Main Methods:
- Prospective study of 25 anesthetized children (1-14.8 years) undergoing cardiac catheterization or surgery.
- Utilized a single-plane pediatric transesophageal probe for imaging, color flow mapping, and Doppler sampling.
- Correlated TEE findings with prior precordial studies and cardiac catheterization data.
Main Results:
- TEE was successful in all patients with no complications.
- Provided detailed evaluation of venous return, atria, valves, and left ventricular outflow tract.
- Offered additional diagnostic information in 60% of patients, particularly for surgical repair assessment and intraoperative monitoring.
Conclusions:
- Single-plane TEE is a valuable tool for precise morphologic diagnosis of pediatric congenital heart disease.
- It enhances perioperative monitoring, including assessment of surgical repair and ventricular function.
- TEE contributes significantly to the postsurgical follow-up of pediatric cardiac patients.
Abstract:
Transesophageal echocardiography with a single plane (transverse axis), dedicated pediatric probe was performed prospectively in 25 anesthetized children undergoing routine cardiac catheterization or intracardiac surgery, to assess the potential role of this technique in the initial diagnosis, perioperative management and postoperative follow-up of children with congenital heart disease. The group ranged in age from 1 year to 14.8 years (mean 6.1) and weight from 6.5 to 52 kg (mean 22.4). Studies were successful in all patients and no complications were encountered. The results of the transesophageal studies (combined imaging, color flow mapping and pulsed wave Doppler sampling) were correlated both with the results of prior precordial studies and the information obtained at cardiac catheterization. Transesophageal echocardiography provided a more detailed evaluation of the morphology and function of systemic and pulmonary venous return, the atria, interatrial baffles, atrioventricular valves and the left ventricular outflow tract. Additional information was obtained in 15 patients (60%). Problem areas for single plane transesophageal imaging were the apical interventricular septum, the right ventricular outflow tract and the left pulmonary artery. The intraoperative use of transesophageal echocardiography allowed assessment of the surgical repair and monitoring of ventricular function and volume status while the patient was weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass. Transesophageal echocardiography in pediatric patients is of additional value in three main areas: 1) the precise morphologic diagnosis of congenital heart disease, 2) perioperative monitoring, and 3) postsurgical follow-up.