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Response to tetanus toxoid immunization after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation
P Ljungman1, M Wiklund-Hammarsten, V Duraj
1Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden.
The Journal of Infectious Diseases
|August 1, 1990
Summary
Bone marrow transplant recipients often lose tetanus immunity. Reimmunization with a three-dose tetanus toxoid schedule is recommended for long-term survivors to ensure adequate immune response and sustained protection.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Transplantation Medicine
Background:
- Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) can impact long-term immunity.
- Loss of pre-existing immunity to tetanus toxoid is a concern in BMT survivors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate long-term immunity and immunization responses to tetanus toxoid in bone marrow transplant recipients.
- To determine the efficacy of different tetanus toxoid reimmunization schedules.
Main Methods:
- Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to assess seropositivity.
- Study included 48 bone marrow transplant recipients.
- Evaluated responses to one, two, or three doses of tetanus toxoid.
Main Results:
- 51% of initially seropositive patients lost immunity 1 year post-transplant.
- Patients not reimmunized were seronegative at 2 years.
- A three-dose tetanus toxoid schedule showed superior response rates and sustained seropositivity compared to a single dose.
Conclusions:
- Reimmunization with tetanus toxoid is necessary for long-term BMT survivors.
- A three-dose immunization regimen is recommended for optimal and sustained immune response.