Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers. Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
The atomizer used in AAS can be either a flame atomizer or an...

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
The ATR process begins by directing a beam...

Atomic Nuclei: Larmor Precession Frequency

Atomic Nuclei: Larmor Precession Frequency

The earth's gravitational field produces a 'twisting force' perpendicular to the angular momentum of a spinning mass (such as a spinning top) that causes the mass to 'wobble' around the gravitational field axis in a phenomenon called precession. Similarly, the magnetic moment (μ) of a spinning nucleus precesses due to an external magnetic field directed along the z-axis. The precession of the magnetic moment vector about the magnetic field is called Larmor precession, and the angular frequency...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Erratum: "The Simons Observatory: Cryogenic half wave plate rotation mechanism for the small aperture telescopes" [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 95, 024504 (2024)].

The Review of scientific instruments·2025

Same author

First Constraints on the Epoch of Reionization Using the Non-Gaussianity of the Kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect from the South Pole Telescope and Herschel-SPIRE Observations.

Physical review letters·2024

Same author

The Simons Observatory: Cryogenic half wave plate rotation mechanism for the small aperture telescopes.

The Review of scientific instruments·2024

Same author

Characterization of a half-wave plate for cosmic microwave background circular polarization measurement with POLARBEAR.

The Review of scientific instruments·2023

Same author

Simulated Performance of Laser-Machined Metamaterial Anti-reflection Coatings.

Journal of low temperature physics·2022

Same author

A cryogenic continuously rotating half-wave plate mechanism for the POLARBEAR-2b cosmic microwave background receiver.

The Review of scientific instruments·2020

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Simulating Imaging of Large Scale Radio Arrays on the Lunar Surface

Simulating Imaging of Large Scale Radio Arrays on the Lunar Surface

Published on: July 30, 2020

Invited article: millimeter-wave bolometer array receiver for the Atacama pathfinder experiment Sunyaev-Zel'dovich

D Schwan¹, P A R Ade, K Basu

¹Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. schwan@berkeley.edu

The Review of Scientific Instruments

|October 7, 2011

Summary

The Atacama Pathfinder Experiment-Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (APEX-SZ) instrument uses advanced superconducting detectors to map galaxy clusters. This millimeter-wave receiver significantly advanced Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect observations with improved sensitivity and field-of-view.

More Related Videos

SIVQ-LCM Protocol for the ArcturusXT Instrument

SIVQ-LCM Protocol for the ArcturusXT Instrument

Published on: July 23, 2014

Angle-resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy At Ultra-low Temperatures

Angle-resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy At Ultra-low Temperatures

Published on: October 9, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Simulating Imaging of Large Scale Radio Arrays on the Lunar Surface

Simulating Imaging of Large Scale Radio Arrays on the Lunar Surface

Published on: July 30, 2020

SIVQ-LCM Protocol for the ArcturusXT Instrument

SIVQ-LCM Protocol for the ArcturusXT Instrument

Published on: July 23, 2014

Angle-resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy At Ultra-low Temperatures

Angle-resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy At Ultra-low Temperatures

Published on: October 9, 2012

Area of Science:

Astronomy and Astrophysics
Cosmology
Instrumental Science

Background:

The Sunyaev-Zel ovich (SZ) effect provides a powerful probe of galaxy clusters, the largest structures in the universe.
Previous SZ instruments faced limitations in sensitivity and field-of-view, hindering comprehensive cluster mapping.
The Atacama Pathfinder Experiment (APEX) telescope provides a stable, high-altitude platform for millimeter-wave observations.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe the design and performance of the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment-Sunyaev-Zel ovich (APEX-SZ) instrument.
To highlight the technological advancements incorporated into the APEX-SZ receiver.
To present the results of APEX-SZ observations in mapping galaxy clusters.

Main Methods:

Utilized a focal plane of 280 superconducting Transition-Edge Sensor (TES) bolometers cooled to 280 mK.
Employed a frequency-domain multiplexed readout system for efficient data acquisition.
Integrated a three-stage helium sorption refrigerator and a pulse-tube cooler for cryogenics.

Main Results:

Achieved 1' angular resolution and a 22' field-of-view at 150 GHz, ideal for cluster mapping.
Demonstrated TES bolometer sensitivity of 890 μK(CMB)√s, with upgraded detectors reaching 530 μK(CMB)√s.
Successfully mapped 48 galaxy clusters since its commissioning in April 2007.

Conclusions:

The APEX-SZ instrument represents a significant technological leap in Sunyaev-Zel ovich observations.
Its advanced design and performance enable more sensitive and efficient mapping of galaxy clusters.
APEX-SZ has proven instrumental in advancing our understanding of large-scale structure formation.