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Updated: May 28, 2026

Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection

Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection

Published on: April 26, 2014

Etched multimode microfiber knot-type loop interferometer refractive index sensor.

Sudipta Sarkar Pal¹, Samir K Mondal, Umesh Tiwari

¹Central Scientific Instrument Organization (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Sector 30C, Chandigarh 160030, India.

The Review of Scientific Instruments

|October 7, 2011

Summary

We developed a novel microfiber knot-loop interferometer for highly sensitive refractive index sensing. This simple, low-cost sensor shows great potential for biological and chemical detection applications.

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Last Updated: May 28, 2026

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Area of Science:

Optics and Photonics
Sensor Technology
Materials Science

Background:

Refractive index sensing is crucial for chemical and biological analysis.
Interferometric sensors offer high sensitivity but can be complex.
Developing cost-effective and sensitive sensors remains a key challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose and demonstrate a novel refractive index sensor.
To investigate the sensing performance of a microfiber knot-loop (NL) interferometer.
To assess the sensor's sensitivity and potential applications.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a multimode microfiber knot-loop (NL) interferometer by etching and looping.
Splicing the etched fiber with single-mode fibers for light coupling.
Measuring spectral shifts in response to changes in the surrounding refractive index.

Main Results:

The NL interferometer exhibited a free spectral range of approximately 16 nm.
The sensor demonstrated a highest sensitivity of ~172 nm/RIU at a refractive index of 1.370.
Experimental validation was performed using readily available chemicals.

Conclusions:

The proposed microfiber knot-loop interferometer is a simple, low-cost, and highly sensitive refractive index sensor.
The sensor design shows significant promise for practical biological and chemical sensing.
Further development could lead to advanced diagnostic and monitoring tools.