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Updated: May 28, 2026

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Bone turnover markers in HIV disease.

Hila Haskelberg1, Andrew Carr, Sean Emery

  • 1The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. hhaskelberg@kirby.unsw.edu.au

AIDS Reviews
|October 7, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Bone turnover markers may help assess fracture risk in HIV patients. Research suggests these markers, reflecting bone formation and resorption, are altered in HIV and by antiretroviral therapy, but more data is needed.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Bone Metabolism
  • HIV Research

Background:

  • HIV-infected adults exhibit higher rates of low bone mineral density and fractures.
  • Bone metabolism is regulated by bone turnover markers (BTMs) indicating formation and resorption.
  • BTMs are increasingly utilized in HIV research and clinical management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review findings on BTMs in HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected populations.
  • To explore the potential role of BTMs in assessing fracture risk and predicting bone loss in HIV.
  • To discuss the impact of HIV and antiretroviral therapy on BTMs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on BTMs in HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected individuals.
  • Analysis of studies examining BTMs in relation to bone mineral density and fracture risk.
  • Examination of data on BTM changes following antiretroviral therapy initiation or modification.

Main Results:

  • Elevated BTM levels are associated with bone loss and may predict fractures in general populations.
  • HIV infection, inflammation, and antiretroviral agents can influence bone turnover.
  • Some studies indicate increased BTMs in HIV-infected adults, with further increases observed after starting or switching antiretroviral therapy.

Conclusions:

  • BTMs show potential for assessing fracture risk and monitoring treatment effects in HIV patients.
  • Clinical utility is currently limited by variability and insufficient data in HIV populations.
  • Further research is essential to establish BTMs as valuable tools alongside bone mineral density for HIV-infected individuals.

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