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Valence Bond Theory

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...

Valence Bond Theory

Valence Bond Theory

Overview of Valence Bond Theory

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II

sp3d and sp3d 2 Hybridization

Hydrogen Bonds

Hydrogen Bonds

A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...

Hydrogen Bonds

Hydrogen Bonds

Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between atoms that have formed other chemical bonds. One of these atoms is electronegative, like oxygen, and has a partial negative charge. The other is a hydrogen atom that has bonded with another electronegative atom and has a partial positive charge.
Hydrogen Bonds Control the World!
Because hydrogen has very weak electronegativity when it binds with a strongly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, electrons in the bond are unequally shared.

Metal-Ligand Bonds

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Amide Coupling Reaction for the Synthesis of Bispyridine-based Ligands and Their Complexation to Platinum as Dinuclear Anticancer Agents

Amide Coupling Reaction for the Synthesis of Bispyridine-based Ligands and Their Complexation to Platinum as Dinuclear Anticancer Agents

Published on: May 28, 2014

Multiple hydrogen bondings in a platinum complex.

Elham Sadat Tabei¹, Hamidreza Samouei, Mehdi Rashidi

¹Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, 71454, Shiraz, Iran.

Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)

|October 7, 2011

Summary

This study details a unique platinum(II) complex exhibiting multiple hydrogen bonds in the solid state. Solution studies suggest different hydrogen bonding interactions may occur.

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Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes

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Published on: June 24, 2022

Area of Science:

Inorganic Chemistry
Supramolecular Chemistry
Crystallography

Background:

Hydrogen bonding plays a crucial role in molecular assembly and material properties.
Platinum complexes are widely studied for their diverse applications, including catalysis and medicine.
Understanding non-covalent interactions in metal complexes is key to designing novel functional materials.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize and characterize a novel platinum(II) complex.
To investigate the solid-state structure and hydrogen bonding patterns of the complex.
To explore potential differences in hydrogen bonding in solution compared to the solid state.

Main Methods:

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction to determine the solid-state structure.
Spectroscopic techniques (e.g., NMR, IR) to study the complex in solution.
Computational modeling to analyze hydrogen bonding interactions.

Main Results:

An unprecedented platinum(II) complex was synthesized and structurally characterized.
Simultaneous intermolecular NH···I-Pt and CH···I-Pt hydrogen bonds, along with intramolecular CH···Pt hydrogen bonding, were observed in the solid state.
Preliminary solution studies indicate the formation of different hydrogen bonding interactions, suggesting a conformational or interactional change.

Conclusions:

The described platinum(II) complex represents a unique example of complex hydrogen bonding in the solid state.
The observed hydrogen bonding network influences the solid-state packing and properties.
Further investigation is warranted to fully elucidate the solution-phase behavior and potential applications of this complex.