Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Multiple Comparison Tests01:13

Multiple Comparison Tests

4.4K
Multiple comparison test, abbreviated as MCT, is a post hoc analysis generally performed after comparing multiple samples with one or more tests. An MCT will help identify a significantly different sample among multiple samples or a factor among multiple factors.
It would be easy to compare two samples using a significance alpha level of 0.05. In other words, there is only one sample pair to be compared. However, it would be difficult to identify a significantly different sample if the number...
4.4K
Sensitivity, Specificity, and Predicted Value01:13

Sensitivity, Specificity, and Predicted Value

1.2K
In healthcare diagnostics, laboratory tests play a crucial role in identifying and diagnosing a wide range of medical conditions. However, interpreting test results is not always straightforward. An abnormal test result does not always confirm the presence of a disease, just as a normal result does not guarantee its absence. To assess the reliability of these diagnostic tools, healthcare practitioners rely on two key statistical indicators: sensitivity and specificity.
Sensitivity is the...
1.2K
Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

97.9K
The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features....
97.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Age at natural and surgical menopause and related factors: NHANES 2013-2023.

Menopause (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

Impact of the Availability of Women's Health Clinics on Unwanted Pregnancy Among Active Duty Service Women.

Journal of women's health (2002)·2026
Same author

Perinatal Depression Among U.S. Active Duty Service Women.

Military medicine·2026
Same author

Young Adult Cancer Patients' Use of Specialty Palliative Care: Secondary Analysis of a Population-Based Study.

Journal of adolescent and young adult oncology·2026
Same author

Human leukocyte antigen alleles associated with inhibitor development in severe hemophilia A: analysis of the "My Life, Our Future" hemophilia A cohort.

Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH·2026
Same author

The efficacy and safety of benznidazole in adults with seropositive indeterminate form, Trypanosoma cruzi infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BMC infectious diseases·2025

Related Experiment Videos

Accuracy and cost comparison in medical testing using sequential testing strategies.

Anwar E Ahmed1, Donna K McClish, Christine M Schubert

  • 1Advanced Analytics Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Statistics in Medicine
|October 7, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces three sequential testing strategies: believe the positive (BP), believe the negative (BN), and believe the extreme (BE). The BE strategy demonstrated superior accuracy and lower testing costs compared to BP and BN methods.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Medical Diagnostics
  • Statistical Modeling
  • Health Economics

Background:

  • Sequential testing is common in diagnostics, but cost-effectiveness is often overlooked.
  • Evaluating accuracy (e.g., false positive rate, sensitivity) is standard, but incorporating testing costs is crucial for optimal decision-making.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and compare three logic rules for sequential diagnostic testing: believe the positive (BP), believe the negative (BN), and believe the extreme (BE).
  • To evaluate these strategies based on accuracy (maximum receiver operating characteristic curve) and cost (proportion of subjects requiring two tests).
  • To present a method for incorporating testing cost into the definition of optimal operating points.

Main Methods:

  • Developed three sequential testing logic rules: BP, BN, and BE.
  • Compared strategies using false positive rate, sensitivity, and testing cost.
  • Analyzed performance under bivariate normal assumptions, varying standard deviation ratios and correlations.
  • Applied strategies to diagnose diabetes in Pima Indians using body mass index and plasma glucose concentration.

Main Results:

  • The believe the extreme (BE) strategy consistently performed as well as or better than the believe the positive (BP) and believe the negative (BN) strategies in terms of accuracy across all parameter settings.
  • The BE strategy exhibited the lowest testing cost.
  • Optimal operating points for BN and BE strategies yielded lower false positive rates than the BP strategy in the real-world diabetes diagnosis application.

Conclusions:

  • The believe the extreme (BE) strategy is a superior approach for sequential diagnostic testing, offering improved accuracy and reduced costs.
  • Incorporating testing costs into the definition of optimal operating points is essential for efficient diagnostic practices.
  • The findings have practical implications for medical diagnostics, as demonstrated by the diabetes diagnosis case study.