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Related Concept Videos

Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies01:38

Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies

Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...
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Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
Human Virome01:26

Human Virome

The human body harbors a vast and diverse viral community known as the human virome. The virome includes bacteriophages that infect bacteria, and eukaryotic viruses that infect human cells. Transient dietary and environmental viruses also contribute to this dynamic ecosystem. Estimates suggest the human body may contain on the order of 10¹³ viral particles, though abundance varies widely by body site and detection method.Comprehensive characterization of the virome has become possible only with...
Inhibitors Of Virion Release01:25

Inhibitors Of Virion Release

Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...
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Coronavirus

Coronaviruses, including the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), are enveloped viruses characterized by their single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome and helical nucleocapsid structure. The hallmark of these viruses is their club-shaped spike (S) glycoproteins that protrude from the viral envelope, facilitating attachment to host cells. Typically, coronaviruses infect the upper respiratory tract, often causing mild or asymptomatic disease. However, certain strains like...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Isolation and Characterization of Microvesicles from Peripheral Blood
06:03

Isolation and Characterization of Microvesicles from Peripheral Blood

Published on: January 6, 2017

Microvesicles and viral infection.

David G Meckes1, Nancy Raab-Traub

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.

Journal of Virology
|October 7, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cellular microvesicles, including exosomes, share similarities with viruses in biogenesis and intercellular transfer. This review explores their roles in viral infection and pathogenesis, highlighting potential communication mechanisms.

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Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Isolation and Characterization of Microvesicles from Peripheral Blood
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Characterization of Immune Cell-derived Extracellular Vesicles and Studying Functional Impact on Cell Environment
10:09

Characterization of Immune Cell-derived Extracellular Vesicles and Studying Functional Impact on Cell Environment

Published on: June 2, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Virology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Cells release microvesicles (shedding microvesicles and exosomes) and enveloped viruses share similarities in biophysical properties, biogenesis, and cellular uptake.
  • Microvesicles mediate intercellular transfer of proteins, RNAs, and mRNAs, mirroring viral mechanisms.
  • Virally infected cells can secrete microvesicles containing viral components, distinct from virions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the biology of microvesicles, focusing on their similarities with viruses.
  • To explore the potential contributions of microvesicles to viral infection and pathogenesis.
  • To highlight the role of microvesicles in intercellular communication during viral infections.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on microvesicle biogenesis, content, and function.
  • Comparative analysis of microvesicles and enveloped viruses.
  • Examination of evidence for microvesicle involvement in viral pathogenesis, including herpes simplex virus and Epstein-Barr virus.

Main Results:

  • Microvesicles and viruses exhibit convergent biophysical properties and mechanisms of cellular entry.
  • Microvesicles transfer functional molecules, contributing to intercellular communication.
  • Herpesviruses, like Epstein-Barr virus, may utilize exosomes for cell-to-cell communication, transferring viral proteins and microRNAs.

Conclusions:

  • Microvesicles represent a significant parallel to viruses in cellular communication and infection processes.
  • Understanding microvesicle biology is crucial for deciphering viral pathogenesis and developing therapeutic strategies.
  • Further research into microvesicle content and function during viral infections is warranted.