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Related Concept Videos

Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids01:15

Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids

Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners01:20

Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners

Opioids are a class of drugs that mimic endogenous opioid peptides and act on opioid receptors, and help in pain relief. These compounds are classified as natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic. Natural opioids, like morphine, codeine, and thebaine, are derived from the opium poppy plant (Papaver somniferum or Papaver album) and are termed opiates. Synthetic opioids are artificial, while semi-synthetic opioids combine natural and synthetic compounds. Morphine, a prototypical opioid, possesses a...
Drug Classes and Categories01:25

Drug Classes and Categories

Drugs can be classified according to their chemical composition or their intended therapeutic application. For instance, anti-infective agents that possess the ability to eliminate pathogens or suppress their growth and reproduction can be grouped based on the organisms they target or their chemical structure. Furthermore, drugs can be divided into prescription, nonprescription, or controlled substances. Prescription medications, such as antibiotics, require oversight from a licensed healthcare...
Drug Therapy01:28

Drug Therapy

The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
Antianxiety Medications
Angina IV: Management01:26

Angina IV: Management

IntroductionThe management of angina requires a comprehensive approach that includes pharmacological therapies, medical procedures, and lifestyle modifications.Pharmacological TherapiesAntiplatelet agents, such as aspirin, clopidogrel, prasugrel, and ticagrelor, play a pivotal role in preventing thrombus formation in patients with angina. These medications inhibit platelet aggregation and reduce the likelihood of myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular events.Anticoagulants, including...

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A Randomized, Sham-Controlled Trial of Cranial Electrical Stimulation for Fibromyalgia Pain and Physical Function, Using Brain Imaging Biomarkers
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Medications for chronic pain practical review.

J Mielke1

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, P O Box A178, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe. medicine@medsch.uz.ac.zw

The Central African Journal of Medicine
|October 8, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This review focuses on managing chronic pain with medications in resource-limited settings, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa amidst the HIV pandemic. It offers guidance on drug selection and rational prescribing for conditions like neuropathic pain.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Pain Management
  • Global Health

Background:

  • Chronic pain presents a significant challenge, especially in resource-poor regions like sub-Saharan Africa.
  • The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic further complicates pain management in these areas.
  • Effective drug management strategies are crucial for improving patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review drug management strategies for chronic pain tailored to resource-limited settings.
  • To provide guidance on medication selection for various chronic pain types, including neuropathic pain.
  • To outline principles for rational prescribing in the context of sub-Saharan Africa and the HIV pandemic.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on pharmacotherapy for chronic pain.

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  • Classification of chronic pain conditions.
  • Discussion of different medication classes, including those for migraine and neuropathic pain.
  • Development of a rational drug management approach for neuropathic pain.

    • Main Results:

    • A classification of chronic pain is presented.
    • Various classes of pain medications are discussed, with specific attention to migraine and neuropathic pain.
    • A rational approach to drug management of neuropathic pain is outlined.

    Conclusions:

    • General principles for rational drug prescribing in resource-limited settings are derived.
    • The review provides a framework for managing chronic pain effectively in sub-Saharan Africa.
    • Emphasis is placed on adapting pharmacotherapy to the specific challenges of the region and the HIV pandemic.