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Coagulase-negative staphylococci: incidence, pathogenicity, and treatment in the 1990s
E M Bailey1, T D Constance, L M Albrecht
1College of Pharmacy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI.
Abstract:
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), which historically have been viewed as contaminants when recovered in culture media, are now recognized as opportunistic pathogens of increasing importance in hospital-acquired infections. They are frequently found colonizing prosthetic devices and intravenous lines. CNS are capable of producing a variety of infections including deep-seated infections such as endocarditis and meningitis. Staphylococcus epidermidis is the most commonly isolated CNS and it appears to be the most resistant to antibiotics, making antimicrobial therapy challenging. Treatment of the infection will very often require removal of a prosthetic device, if present. An adequate infection control program is imperative in prophylaxis against this infection.
Insights
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) are increasingly significant opportunistic pathogens causing hospital-acquired infections. Effective treatment often necessitates removing infected prosthetic devices and implementing robust infection control measures.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Hospital Epidemiology
Background:
- Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were historically considered culture contaminants.
- CNS are now recognized as significant opportunistic pathogens in healthcare settings.
- These bacteria frequently colonize medical devices like prosthetic joints and intravenous lines.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the evolving role of CNS as pathogens.
- To discuss the challenges in treating CNS infections, particularly Staphylococcus epidermidis.
- To emphasize the importance of infection control and device management.
Main Methods:
- Literature review on CNS epidemiology and clinical significance.
- Analysis of common CNS species and their resistance patterns.
- Discussion of treatment strategies and preventive measures.
Main Results:
- CNS are a major cause of hospital-acquired infections.
- Staphylococcus epidermidis is the most prevalent and antibiotic-resistant CNS species.
- Deep-seated infections like endocarditis and meningitis can result from CNS colonization.
Conclusions:
- CNS infections pose a significant challenge in healthcare settings.
- Antimicrobial therapy for CNS infections, especially those involving Staphylococcus epidermidis, is difficult.
- Removal of infected prosthetic devices and stringent infection control are crucial for managing CNS infections.