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Related Concept Videos

Asthma I: Introduction01:28

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
Asthma-I: Introduction01:29

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
Common Respiratory Disorders01:31

Common Respiratory Disorders

Respiratory disorders, a prevalent health concern globally, are generally divided into two primary categories: upper and lower respiratory tract disorders. The categorization is based on the area of the respiratory system they affect.
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Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
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Asthma presents with a characteristic pattern of episodic respiratory symptoms that reflect underlying airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus hypersecretion. Although severity varies among individuals, certain clinical manifestations are considered hallmarks of the disorder and often guide diagnosis and assessment.Respiratory SymptomsA persistent cough is one of the most common early features of asthma. It is frequently dry and tends to worsen at night or in the early morning,...

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Irritant-induced airway disorders.

Stuart M Brooks1, I Leonard Bernstein

  • 1Colleges of Public Health & Medicine, USF Health Science Center, University of South Florida, 13201 Bruce B. Downs Boulevard, Tampa, FL 33612, USA. sbrooks@health.usf.edu

Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America
|October 8, 2011
PubMed
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Accidental irritant exposures can cause reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS), a form of asthma. Genetic and host factors may influence the development of asthma from repeated irritant exposures.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Pulmonology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Irritant exposures affect thousands annually, with most recovering.
  • Irritants act non-specifically and via non-immunologic pathways, unlike allergens.
  • A single massive irritant exposure can lead to persistent airway hyperresponsiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS) as a consequence of irritant exposure.
  • To explore the link between repeated irritant exposures and chronic respiratory symptoms.
  • To investigate the role of host factors in irritant-induced asthma.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical observation of individuals with high-level irritant exposures.
  • Characterization of irritant mechanisms distinct from allergic responses.
  • Analysis of outcomes following single massive and repeated irritant exposures.

Main Results:

  • Persistent airway hyperresponsiveness and asthma-like symptoms (RADS) can follow a single, massive irritant exposure.
  • Repeated irritant exposures may result in chronic cough and ongoing airway hyperresponsiveness.
  • Genetic and/or host factors are implicated in asthma development from repeated irritant exposures.

Conclusions:

  • Reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS) is a distinct clinical entity following acute irritant exposure.
  • Chronic respiratory issues, including asthma, can be triggered or exacerbated by irritant exposure.
  • Individual susceptibility, influenced by genetics and host factors, plays a role in the development of irritant-induced asthma.