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Related Concept Videos

Sutures of the Skull01:22

Sutures of the Skull

The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View

The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
Overview of the Skull01:08

Overview of the Skull

The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. It is subdivided into the facial bones and the brain case, or cranial vault. The facial bones underlie the facial structures, form the nasal cavity, enclose the eyeballs, and support the teeth of the upper and lower jaws.
The cranial vault surrounds and protects the brain and houses the middle and inner ear structures. This cavity is bounded superiorly by the rounded top of the skull, which...
Cranial and Spinal Meninges01:19

Cranial and Spinal Meninges

The cranial and spinal meninges are complex protective structures surrounding the central nervous system (CNS), consisting of the brain and spinal cord. These meninges consist of the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. They protect the CNS, provide structural support, and aid in circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Cranial Meninges
These meningeal layers cover the cranium. The dura mater is the outermost layer of cranial meninges. It is a thick and durable membrane of dense...
Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
Veins of Head and Neck01:19

Veins of Head and Neck

The blood drainage from the head and neck is primarily managed by three pairs of veins: the external jugular, internal jugular, and vertebral veins. The external jugular veins drain superficial scalp and face structures, passing over the sternocleidomastoid muscles to empty into the subclavian veins.
On the other hand, the vertebral veins, unlike their arterial counterparts, are not primarily responsible for brain drainage. Instead, they drain the cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, and some small...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Role of Diffusion MRI Tractography in Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery
09:53

Role of Diffusion MRI Tractography in Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery

Published on: July 5, 2021

Skull base chordomas.

Maria Koutourousiou1, Carl H Snyderman, Juan Fernandez-Miranda

  • 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, PUH 400, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.

Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America
|October 8, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Skull base chordomas are rare, challenging tumors requiring complete surgical removal. Combining surgery with postoperative irradiation offers the best treatment outcomes for these clival malignancies.

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Surgical Treatment of an Endolymphatic Sac Tumor
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Surgical Treatment of an Endolymphatic Sac Tumor

Published on: May 26, 2023

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Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Role of Diffusion MRI Tractography in Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery
09:53

Role of Diffusion MRI Tractography in Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery

Published on: July 5, 2021

Surgical Treatment of an Endolymphatic Sac Tumor
04:34

Surgical Treatment of an Endolymphatic Sac Tumor

Published on: May 26, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Radiotherapy

Background:

  • Skull base chordomas are rare midline malignancies originating from the clivus.
  • These tumors present significant treatment challenges due to their location, invasiveness, and proximity to vital neurovascular structures.
  • High recurrence rates are characteristic of skull base chordomas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the current understanding and treatment strategies for skull base chordomas.
  • To emphasize the importance of complete tumor resection in managing these challenging neoplasms.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on skull base chordoma treatment.
  • Analysis of treatment outcomes based on surgical and radiotherapeutic modalities.

Main Results:

  • Total tumor resection is identified as the primary treatment modality.
  • The combination of surgical resection and postoperative irradiation demonstrates superior outcomes.
  • Multidisciplinary approaches are crucial for optimizing patient management.

Conclusions:

  • Complete resection followed by adjuvant radiotherapy is the most effective strategy for skull base chordomas.
  • Further research into optimizing treatment protocols is warranted to improve long-term survival and reduce recurrence.
  • Advances in surgical techniques and radiation delivery are essential for improving patient prognoses.