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Updated: May 28, 2026

Standard Operating Procedure for Lyssavirus Surveillance of the Bat Population in Taiwan
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Standard Operating Procedure for Lyssavirus Surveillance of the Bat Population in Taiwan

Published on: August 27, 2019

Identifying Hendra virus diversity in pteropid bats.

Ina Smith1, Alice Broos, Carol de Jong

  • 1Australian Animal Health Laboratory, CSIRO Livestock Industries, East Geelong, Victoria, Australia. ina.smith@csiro.au

Plos One
|October 8, 2011
PubMed
Summary

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Hendra virus (HeV) circulates widely in flying foxes, with diverse variants identified. Spillover events are linked to host and environmental factors, not specific HeV strains, necessitating ongoing risk management.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Zoonotic Disease Epidemiology
  • Wildlife Health

Background:

  • Hendra virus (HeV) is a highly fatal zoonotic disease transmitted from flying foxes (Pteropus genus) to humans via horses.
  • Understanding bat-to-horse spillover factors is crucial for preventing HeV transmission.
  • Limited HeV sequence data exists from the natural flying fox host, hindering variant analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate Hendra virus variants circulating in Australian flying fox populations.
  • To identify factors influencing HeV spillover from bats to horses.
  • To inform future risk management strategies for HeV.

Main Methods:

  • Collection of flying fox urine samples from multiple roosts in Queensland, Australia.
  • Genomic sequencing of Hendra virus to identify circulating variants and hypervariable regions.

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  • Analysis of HeV isolation data in relation to spillover events.

    • Main Results:

    • Hendra virus is geographically widespread in flying foxes, with multiple variants co-circulating.
    • Sequence diversity allowed differentiation of HeV variants, with hypervariable genomic regions identified.
    • HeV was isolated from flying fox urine on four occasions, but spillover events did not correlate with specific isolates.

    Conclusions:

    • Hendra virus spillover is primarily driven by host and/or environmental factors, rather than specific viral isolates.
    • The presence of diverse HeV variants in flying foxes suggests continued potential for spillover.
    • Effective risk management strategies are essential for mitigating human and animal health risks associated with HeV.