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Related Experiment Videos

Adverse reactions and interactions with theophylline.

M H Skinner1

  • 1University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio.

Drug Safety
|July 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Theophylline remains crucial for reversible airway obstruction but has a narrow therapeutic range, making toxicity preventable. Careful dosing and monitoring are key to managing theophylline toxicity safely.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Pulmonology
  • Clinical Toxicology

Background:

  • Theophylline is a significant medication for treating reversible airway obstruction.
  • Its clinical utility is challenged by a narrow therapeutic index and significant inter-patient pharmacokinetic variability.
  • Theophylline toxicity is generally predictable and avoidable, often stemming from overdosing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of theophylline in treating reversible airway obstruction.
  • To discuss the factors contributing to theophylline toxicity.
  • To outline the management strategies for theophylline toxicity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on theophylline pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and clinical use.
  • Analysis of factors influencing theophylline toxicity.
  • Summary of current treatment protocols for theophylline overdose.

Main Results:

  • Theophylline toxicity is often linked to overdosing, age, disease states, and drug interactions.
  • Mild toxicity presents with nausea, vomiting, and tachycardia; severe toxicity includes seizures, arrhythmias, and hypotension.
  • Serum theophylline levels correlate with toxicity but do not perfectly predict severe adverse events.

Conclusions:

  • Theophylline toxicity is largely preventable through careful management.
  • Supportive care, gastric lavage, activated charcoal, and potentially haemoperfusion are vital for treating theophylline toxicity.
  • Despite newer agents, theophylline's role persists, necessitating awareness of its toxicity profile.

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